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to be followed by control positions and ATC units in
the event of such failures. Where feasible and practicable, such
contingency procedures should provide for the delegation of
control to an adjacent control position or ATC unit in order to
permit a minimum level of services to be provided as soon as
possible, following the ground radio failure and until normal
operations can be resumed.
15.5.1.3 BLOCKED FREQUENCY
In the event that the control frequency is inadvertently blocked
by an aircraft transmitter, the following additional steps should
be taken:
a) attempt to identify the aircraft concerned;
b) if the aircraft blocking the frequency is identified,
attempts should be made to establish communication
with that aircraft, e.g. on the emergency frequency
121.5 MHz, by SELCAL, through the aircraft
operator’s company frequency if applicable, on any
Chapter 15. Procedures related to Emergencies, Communication Failure and Contingencies 15-9
1/11/01
VHF frequency designated for air-to-air use by flight
crews or any other communication means or, if the
aircraft is on the ground, by direct contact;
c) if communication is established with the aircraft
concerned, the flight crew shall be instructed to take
immediate action to stop inadvertent transmissions on
the affected control frequency.
15.5.1.4 UNAUTHORIZED USE OF ATC FREQUENCY
15.5.1.4.1 Instances of false and deceptive transmissions
on ATC frequencies which may impair the safety of aircraft
can occasionally occur. In the event of such occurrences, the
ATC unit concerned should:
a) correct any false or deceptive instructions or clearances
which have been transmitted;
b) advise all aircraft on the affected frequency(-ies) that
false and deceptive instructions or clearances are being
transmitted;
c) instruct all aircraft on the affected frequency(-ies) to
verify instructions and clearances before taking action
to comply;
d) if practical, instruct aircraft to change to another
frequency; and
e) if possible, advise all aircraft affected when the false
and deceptive instructions or clearances are no longer
being transmitted.
15.5.1.4.2 Flights crews shall challenge or verify with the
ATC unit concerned any instruction or clearance issued to
them which they suspect may be false or deceptive.
15.5.1.4.3 When the transmission of false or deceptive
instructions and clearances is detected, the appropriate
authority shall take all necessary action to have the transmitter
located and the transmission terminated.
15.6 OTHER ATC CONTINGENCY PROCEDURES
15.6.1 Emergency separation
15.6.1.1 If, during an emergency situation, it is not
possible to ensure that the applicable horizontal separation can
be maintained, emergency separation of half the applicable
vertical separation minimum may be used, i.e. 150 m (500 ft)
between aircraft in airspace where a vertical separation
minimum of 300 m (1 000 ft) is applied, and 300 m (1 000 ft)
between aircraft in airspace where a 600 m (2 000 ft) vertical
separation minimum is applied.
15.6.1.2 When emergency separation is applied the flight
crews concerned shall be advised that emergency separation is
being applied and informed of the actual minimum used.
Additionally, all flight crews concerned shall be provided with
essential traffic information.
15.6.2 Short-term conflict alert (STCA)
procedures
Note 1.— The generation of short term conflict alerts is a
function of an ATC radar data processing system. The
objective of the STCA function is to assist the controller in
maintaining separation between controlled flights by generating,
in a timely manner, an alert of a potential infringement
of separation minima.
Note 2. — In the STCA function the radar-derived current
and predicted three-dimensional positions of transponderequipped
aircraft with Mode C capability are monitored for
proximity. If the distance between the three-dimensional
positions of two aircraft is predicted to be reduced to less than
the defined applicable separation minima within a specified
time period, an acoustic and/or visual alert will be generated
to the radar controller within whose jurisdiction area the
aircraft is operating.
15.6.2.1 Local instructions concerning use of the STCA
function shall specify, inter alia:
a) the types of flight which are eligible for generation of
STCA;
b) the sectors or areas of airspace within which the STCA
function is implemented;
c) the method of displaying the STCA to the controller;
d) the parameters for generation of alerts as well as alert
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