曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
within 15 minutes flying time or a distance of 93 km
(50 NM) by;
1) at least 300 m (1 000 ft) if above the aircraft
dumping fuel; and
2) at least 900 m (3 000 ft) if below the aircraft
dumping fuel.
Note.— The horizontal boundaries of the area
within which other traffic requires appropriate vertical
separation extend for 19 km (10 NM) either side of the
track flown by the aircraft which is dumping fuel, from
19 km (10 NM) ahead, to 93 km (50 NM) or 15 minutes
along track behind it (including turns).
15.4.3.3 COMMUNICATIONS
If the aircraft will maintain radio silence during the fuel
dumping operation, the frequency to be monitored by the flight
crew and the time when radio silence will terminate should be
agreed.
15.4.3.4 INFORMATION TO OTHER ATS UNITS
AND NON-CONTROLLED TRAFFIC
15.4.3.4.1 A warning message shall be broadcast on
appropriate frequencies for non-controlled traffic to remain
clear of the area concerned. Adjacent ATC units and control
sectors should be informed of the fuel dumping taking place
and requested to broadcast on applicable frequencies an
appropriate warning message for other traffic to remain clear
of the area concerned.
15-8 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
15.4.3.4.2 Upon completion of the fuel dumping,
adjacent ATC units and control sectors should be advised that
normal operations can be resumed.
15.4.4 Descents by supersonic aircraft
due to solar cosmic radiation
Air traffic control units should be prepared for the possibility
that supersonic aircraft operating at levels above 15 000 m
(49 000 ft) may, on rare occasions, experience a rise in solar
cosmic radiation which requires them to descend to lower
levels, possibly down to or below the levels being used by
subsonic aircraft. When such a situation is known or
suspected, air traffic control units should take all possible
action to safeguard all aircraft concerned, including any
subsonic aircraft affected by the descent.
Note.— All supersonic aircraft in a particular portion of
airspace will be affected at the same time, and the event may
be accompanied by a deterioration or loss of air-ground
communications. It is expected that the aircraft will alert air
traffic control units before the radiation reaches a critical level
and will request a descent clearance when the critical level is
reached. However, situations may occur in which the aircraft
will need to descend without waiting for a clearance. In such
cases, the aircraft are expected to advise air traffic control
units, as soon as possible, of the emergency action taken.
15.5 ATC CONTINGENCIES
The various circumstances surrounding each contingency
situation preclude the establishment of exact detailed procedures
to be followed. The procedures outlined below are
intended as a general guide to air traffic services personnel.
15.5.1 Radio communications contingencies
15.5.1.1 GENERAL
ATC contingencies related to communications, i.e. circumstances
preventing a controller from communicating with
aircraft under control, may be caused by either a failure of
ground radio equipment, a failure of airborne equipment, or by
the control frequency being inadvertently blocked by an aircraft
transmitter. The duration of such events may be for
prolonged periods and appropriate action to ensure that the
safety of aircraft is not affected should therefore be taken
immediately.
15.5.1.2 GROUND RADIO FAILURE
15.5.1.2.1 In the event of complete failure of the ground
radio equipment used for ATC, the controller shall:
a) where aircraft are required to keep a listening watch on
the emergency frequency 121.5 MHz, attempt to
establish radiocommunications on that frequency;
b) without delay inform all adjacent control positions or
ATC units, as applicable, of the failure;
c) appraise such positions or units of the current traffic
situation;
d) if practicable, request their assistance, in respect of
aircraft which may establish communications with
those positions or units, in establishing radar or nonradar
separation between and maintaining control of
such aircraft; and
e) instruct adjacent control positions or ATC units to hold
or reroute all controlled flights outside the area of
responsibility of the position or ATC unit that has
experienced the failure until such time that the
provision of normal services can be resumed.
15.5.1.2.2 In order to reduce the impact of complete
ground radio equipment failure on the safety of air traffic, the
appropriate ATS authority should establish contingency procedures
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