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COMMUNICATION FAILURE AND CONTINGENCIES
15.1 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
15.1.1 General
15.1.1.1 The various circumstances surrounding each
emergency situation preclude the establishment of exact
detailed procedures to be followed. The procedures outlined
herein are intended as a general guide to air traffic services
personnel. Air traffic control units shall maintain full and
complete coordination, and personnel shall use their best
judgement in handling emergency situations.
Note 1.— Additional radar procedures to be applied in
relation to emergencies and contingencies are contained in
Chapter 8, 8.8.1
Note 2.— If the pilot of an aircraft encountering a state of
emergency has previously been directed by ATC to operate the
transponder on a specific code, that code will normally be
maintained unless, in special circumstances, the pilot has
decided or has been advised otherwise. Where ATC has not
requested a code to be set, the pilot will set the transponder to
Mode A Code 7700.
15.1.1.2 When an emergency is declared by an aircraft,
the ATS unit should take appropriate and relevant action as
follows:
a) unless clearly stated by the flight crew or otherwise
known, take all necessary steps to ascertain aircraft
identification and type, the type of emergency, the
intentions of the flight crew as well as the position and
level of the aircraft;
b) decide upon the most appropriate type of assistance
which can be rendered;
c) enlist the aid of any other ATS unit or other services
which may be able to provide assistance to the aircraft;
d) provide the flight crew with any information requested
as well as any additional relevant information, such as
details on suitable aerodromes, minimum safe altitudes,
weather information;
e) obtain from the operator or the flight crew such of the
following information as may be relevant: number of
persons on board, amount of fuel remaining, possible
presence of hazardous materials and the nature thereof;
and
f) notify the appropriate ATS units and authorities as
specified in local instructions.
15.1.1.3 Changes of radio frequency and SSR code
should be avoided if possible and should normally be made
only when or if an improved service can be provided to the
aircraft concerned. Manoeuvring instructions to an aircraft
experiencing engine failure should be limited to a minimum.
When appropriate, other aircraft operating in the vicinity of the
aircraft in emergency should be advised of the circumstances.
Note.— Requests to the flight crew for the information
contained in 15.1.1.2 e) will be made only if the information
is not available from the operator or from other sources and
will be limited to essential information.
15.1.2 Priority
An aircraft known or believed to be in a state of emergency,
including being subjected to unlawful interference, shall be
given priority over other aircraft.
15.1.3 Unlawful interference and aircraft
bomb threat
15.1.3.1 Air traffic services personnel shall be prepared
to recognize any indication of the occurrence of unlawful
interference with an aircraft.
15.1.3.2 Whenever unlawful interference with an aircraft
is suspected, and where automatic distinct display of SSR
Mode A Code 7500 and Code 7700 is not provided, the radar
controller shall attempt to verify any suspicion by setting the
SSR decoder to Mode A Code 7500 and thereafter to
Code 7700.
15-2 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
Note.— An aircraft equipped with an SSR transponder is
expected to operate the transponder on Mode A Code 7500 to
indicate specifically that it is the subject of unlawful
interference. The aircraft may operate the transponder on
Mode A Code 7700, to indicate that it is threatened by grave
and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.
15.1.3.3 Whenever unlawful interference with an aircraft
is known or suspected or a bomb threat warning has been
received, ATS units shall promptly attend to requests by, or to
anticipated needs of, the aircraft, including requests for
relevant information relating to air navigation facilities,
procedures and services along the route of flight and at any
aerodrome of intended landing, and shall take such action as is
necessary to expedite the conduct of all phases of the flight.
15.1.3.3.1 ATS units shall also:
a) transmit, and continue to transmit, information
pertinent to the safe conduct of the flight, without
expecting a reply from the aircraft;
b) monitor and plot the progress of the flight with the
means available, and coordinate transfer of control
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