AUXILIARY AVIATION TRAINING MANUAL(91)

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Brown Oil
 Brown oil is typically a 0.1-cm to 1.0-cm thick layer of water-in-oil emulsion.  The thickness can vary widely depending on wind and current conditions.
 
Mousse
 Mousse is a water-in-oil emulsion often formed as oil weathers (the lighter components have evaporated); colors can range from orange or tan to dark brown.
 
Black Oil
 Black oil is an area of black-colored oil sometimes appearing with a latex texture.  These areas are often confused with kelp beds and other natural phenomena.  To confirm that oil is present, look for at least a slight rainbow sheen around the edges.
 
Mousse Streaks
 Mousse streaks are lines or streaks of dark-colored oil with an obvious textured appearance.  Brown oil and mousse can easily be confused with algae scum collecting in convergent lines, algae patches, or mats of kelp or fungus.
 
Tar Balls
 Tar balls are heavy globules of weathered oil that have formed a pliable ball.  Size may vary from pinhead to about 30 cm.  Sheen may or may not be present.  These are often found along a beach after a major spill of heavy oil.
 
Mats
 Tar mats are non-floating mats of oily debris (usually sediments and/or plant matter) that are found on beaches or just offshore.
 
Pancakes
 Pancakes are isolated patches of oil shaped in a mostly circular fashion.  Pancakes can range in size from a few meters across to hundreds of meters in diameter.  Sheen may or may not be present.
 

 
 
Section F. Aids to Navigation

 
Introduction
 The Coast Guard ATON program helps to ensure the safety, security, and efficiency of the maritime transportation infrastructure by:
. Operating long-range electronic radio navigation aids (LORAN-C) as well as domestic radio beacons.

. Maintaining short-range ATON, such as lights, fog signals, buoys, day beacons, and radar transponders (RACONS).

AUXAIR assists in these operations through overflights of navigation aids and waterways, observation of aids and markings, reporting of discrepancies and changes, and transport of personnel and materiel.
 
F.1.  Inventory
 The inventory of federal ATON maintained by the Coast Guard consists of over 48,000 buoys, beacons, and other ATON.  These ATON are distributed along the coastal and inland waters of the United States, its territories, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific.  In addition, the Coast Guard regulates more than 45,000 private ATON.
 
F.2.  Assistance
 As with many other programs, the Coast Guard Auxiliary provides assistance to the Coast Guard and other concerned federal agencies, including reporting discrepant ATON, verifying private aids, and submitting chart corrections/updates.
　
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