AUXILIARY AVIATION TRAINING MANUAL(109)

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F.6.  Emergency Radio Sets
 Emergency radio sets consist of transmitters or transceivers.  The ELT, with which Auxiliary aviators are familiar, is also marketed in a marine version designated as an EPIRB.
Survivors may use balloons and box kites for raising antennas of emergency radio sets.  These may indicate the presence of a life raft but can be a hazard to search aircraft.  Be alert for such hazards.
 
F.6.a.  Class A and B EPIRBs
 The older Class A and B EPIRBs transmit a continuous warbling signal on 121.500 MHz and 243.000 MHz.  These are the same frequencies used by the ELT in an aircraft.  Some EPIRBs and ELTs also have capabilities for communication as well as the alert/locate signal.
 
F.6.b.  Category 1 and 2 EPIRBs
 A new class of EPIRBs, Category 1 and 2, transmit on 406.000 MHz and 121.500 MHz.  Each Category 1 and 2 EPIRB has a serial number which is recorded when the purchasers send in their registration cards and identifies the vessel on which it is located.  When the Category 1 or 2 EPIRB is activated, the serial number is transmitted as a data burst on 406.000 MHz to a satellite which relays the information and location of the transmitter to ground stations.  Some of the newer EPIRBS are also equipped with a built-in GPS.  A continuous signal on 121.500 MHz is also transmitted for tracking by direction finding equipment.  Marine environment EPIRBs are designed to float and to transmit their signal while in the water.  
 
F.6.c.  Class C EPIRB
 Another version of EPIRB, Class C, transmits on VHF-FM Channels 15 and 16.  These Class C devices are required on certain commercial passenger vessels operating on the Great Lakes.  The disadvantage of a Class C EPIRB is that the transmission is not continuous and is not relayed via satellite.  As the distribution of EPIRBs increases, it becomes more important that flight crews be proficient in the ELT locating techniques discussed later in this chapter.
 
F.7.  Other Alerts
 An orange flag with a black ball and square is an accepted VDS as is the raising and lowering of both arms at the side.  Neither of these signals is very effective when viewed from aircraft since they are not visible from more than several hundred yards, although binoculars may help to identify the signal from a greater distance.
 

 
F.8.  Auxiliary Surface-to-Air Recognition
 Auxiliary vessels are encouraged to display a special Surface-to-Air Recognition Banner.  This banner consists of a black capital “A” in block lettering on an international orange background.  The banner is normally displayed on the deck or top of the pilothouse with the base of the “A” facing the stern.  The sign is approximately a 36-inch square.  This banner is used to identify Auxiliary vessels on patrol from the air.  (see Auxiliary Operations Policy Manual, COMDTINST M16798.3 (series))
　
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