ASA’s FAR/AIM and Flight Crew 2010 Update(79)

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k. Area Navigation (RNAV) Instrument Approach Charts. Reli-ance on RNAV systems for instrument operations … The original stand alone GPS charts, titled simply “GPS,” are being converted to the newer format as the procedures are revised. One reason for the revision is the addition of WAAS based minima to the approach chart. The reformatted approach chart is titled “RNAV (GPS) RWY XX.” Up to four lines of minima are included on these charts. Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Landing System (GLS) was a placeholder for future WAAS and LAAS min-ima, and the minima was always listed as N/A. The GLS minima line… * * *
1. The minima lines are:
(a)
 GLS. “GLS” is the acronym for Ground Based Augmen-tation System (GBAS) Landing System. GBAS is the ICAO term for Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS). This line was origi-nally published as a placeholder for both WAAS and LAAS minima and marked as N/A since no minima was published. As the con-cepts … * * *

(b)
 LPV. “LPV” is the acronym for localizer performance with vertical guidance. RNAV (GPS) approaches to LPV lines of minima take advantage of the improved accuracy of WAAS lateral and vertical guidance to provide an approach that is very similar to a Category I Instrument Landing System (ILS). The approach to LPV line of minima is designed for angular guidance with increasing sensitivity as the aircraft gets closer to the runway. The sensitivities are nearly identical to those of the ILS at similar dis-tances. This was done intentionally to allow the skills required to pro.ciently .y an ILS to readily transfer to .ying RNAV (GPS) approaches to the LPV line of minima. Just as with an ILS, the LPV has vertical guidance and is .own to a DA. Aircraft can .y this minima line with a statement in the Aircraft Flight Manual that the installed equipment supports LPV approaches. This includes Class 3 and 4 TSO-C146 WAAS equipment.

(c) LNAV/VNAV. … * * *

(d)
 LP. “LP” is the acronym for localizer performance. Approaches to LP lines of minima take advantage of the improved accuracy of WAAS to provide approaches, with lateral guidance and angular guidance. Angular guidance does not refer to a glideslope angle but rather to the increased lateral sensitivity as the aircraft gets closer to the runway, similar to localizer approaches. However, the LP line of minima is a Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) rather than a DA (H). Procedures with LP lines of minima will not be published with another approach that contains approved vertical guidance (LNAV/VNAV or LPV). It is possible to have LP and LNAV published on the same approach chart but LP will only be published if it provides lower minima than an LNAV line of minima. LP is not a fail-down mode for LPV. LP will only be published if terrain, obstructions, or some other rea-son prevent publishing a vertically guided procedure. WAAS avi-onics may provide GNSS-based advisory vertical guidance during an approach to an LP line of minima (reference section 9.b for fur-ther information on advisory vertical guidance). Barometric altime-ter information remains the primary altitude reference for comply-ing with any altitude restrictions. WAAS equipment may not support LP, even if it supports LPV, if it was approved before TSO C-145B and TSO C-146B. Receivers approved under previous TSOs may require an upgrade by the manufacturer in order to be used to .y to LP minima. Receivers approved for LP must have a statement in the approved Flight Manual or Supplemental Flight Manual including LP as one of the approved approach types.

(e) LNAV. * * *
2. Other systems may be authorized to utilize these approaches. See the description in Section A of the U.S. Terminal Procedures books for details. Operational approval must also be obtained for Baro-VNAV systems to operate to the LNAV/VNAV minimums. Baro-VNAV may not be authorized … * * *

Note: RNAV and Baro-VNAV systems must have a manufacturer supplied electronic database which shall include the waypoints, altitudes, and vertical data for the procedure to be .own. The sys-tem must be able to retrieve the procedure by name from the air-craft navigation database, not just as a manually entered series of waypoints.
3. ILS or RNAV (GPS) charts.
(a)
Some RNAV (GPS) charts will also contain an ILS line of minima to make use of the ILS precision .nal in conjunction with the RNAV GPS capabilities for the portions of the procedure prior to the .nal approach segment and for the missed approach. … * * *

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(b)
 Charting. There are charting differences between ILS, RNAV (GPS), and GLS approaches.

(1)
The LAAS procedure is titled “GLS RWY XX” on the approach chart.

(2)
The VDB provides information to the airborne receiver where the guidance is synthesized.

(3)
The LAAS procedure is identi.ed by a four alpha-numeric character .eld referred to as the RPI or approach ID and is similar to the IDENT feature of the ILS.
　
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