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any case, the single open door on each container must be kept from
closing during the fumigation, either taped or blocked open.
Due to safety considerations, containers to be fumigated should not be
stacked. Also, to conserve methyl brombide use, CPHST recommends
that containers be removed from their chassis prior to fumigation. (If
this is not done, then the space beneth the container must be
calculated as part of the total volume being fumigated.
APHIS recommends that perishable commodities be fumigated outside their
containers. Because it is difficult to aerate the container, the commodity may
be damaged by the fumigant if left in the container. Therefore, it is best to
remove perishable commodities from their containers before fumigation. When
a commodity is removed from the container, spray the emptied container with
Malathion as a precaution against leaving the container contaminated with live
pests. Pests such as hitchhikers may not remain with the commodity.
However, because of the cost of devanning the commodity most importers
choose to have their commodity fumigated inside the container.
Chemical Treatments Fumigants • Methyl Bromide • Tarpaulin Fumigation
Preparing to Fumigate
03/2004-05 Treatment Manual 2-4-9
PPQ
Containers should ordinarily not be loaded beyond 80 percent of their
capacity. A space of 20 percent (18 inches) should be provided above
the commodity. This allows a crawl space for placing the gas
FIGURE 2-4-1: Container Arrangement in Two Rows
FIGURE 2-4-2: Container Arrangement in Two Rows
Chemical Treatments Fumigants • Methyl Bromide • Tarpaulin Fumigation
Preparing to Fumigate
2-4-10 Treatment Manual 03/2004-05
PPQ
monitoring leads and fans, and to facilitate uniform gas distribution.
(Some restacking of cargo may be necessary to meet this requirement.)
Adequate space (2 inches) should be provided below the commodity.
No additional head space is required between the roof of the container
and the tarp, unless the pest is found on the outside of the container.
If fumigating multiple containers in a single row, the rear doors should
all open on the same side of the stack. If containers are parked parallel
to one another and close together, it is permissible to open only the
door on the right side of each container, overlapping and taped to the
closed left door of the container adjacent to it. In such circumstances,
however, one must have a fan positioned high, blowing into the open
door of each container, to assure uniform fumigant distribution. If
containers are not parked closely together, all doors must be
completely open.
Gas Penetration
and Distribution
MB will penetrate most cargo easily. When fumigating finely milled
products (such as flour, cottonseed meal, and baled commodities),
provide space every 5 feet in any direction. Penetration is enhanced by
the availability of free MB.
Some of the more common types of impermeable materials are
cellophane, plastic, wax coated materials, laminated, and
waterproofed papers. Tight wooden packing cases are also relatively
gastight. Impermeable materials will allow some gas to penetrate, but
make it difficult to aerate and evacuate the gas. Remove, perforate, or
open all impermeable materials.
For impermeable wrappers or containers, open the entire top or side
and place the package with the open portion on the side.
Step 6—Arranging and Operating Fans
Break Bulk
Cargo
Use fans which have the capacity to move a volume in cubic feet per
minute equivalent to the total volume of the enclosure. For a 5,000 ft3
enclosure, use two axial-type (blade) fans of approximately 2,500 cfm.
Place one fan on the floor at the rear of the stack facing the front and
the other fan at the top front (where the gas is introduced) facing the
rear. For enclosures from 5,000 to 7,500 ft3, add a third fan near the
upper middle facing the rear. For enclosures from 7,501 to 10,000 ft3,
add a fourth fan on the floor near the middle facing the front.
Enclosures from 10,001 to 25,000 ft3 may require up to seven fans to
provide adequate gas circulation. Enclosures larger than 25,000 ft3
require approval from the Center for Plant Health Science &
Technology (CPHST) in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Turn on all fans to make sure they work. Operate fans during gas
introduction and for 30 minutes after the gas is introduced. If after
taking gas concentration readings the fumigant is not evenly
distributed, run the fans until the gas is evenly distributed as
Chemical Treatments Fumigants • Methyl Bromide • Tarpaulin Fumigation
Preparing to Fumigate
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