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Properties and Use
Methyl bromide (MB) (CH3Br) is a colorless, odorless, nonflammable
fumigant. MB boils at 38.5 °F and has a very low solubility in water. As
a gas, MB is three times heavier than air. As a liquid at 32 °F, 1 pound
of MB is equivalent to 262 ml. For ease in transportation and
handling, MB is compressed and stored in metal cylinders as a liquid.
MB is an effective fumigant for treating a wide variety of plant pests
associated with a wide variety of commodities. MB is the most
frequently used fumigant in quarantine fumigations. MB may also be
used to devitalize plant material. MB is effective in treating the
following pests:
◆ Insects (all life stages)
◆ Mites and ticks (all life stages)
◆ Nematodes (including cysts)
◆ Snails and slugs
◆ Fungi (such as oak wilt fungus)
MB is effective over a wide range of temperatures (40 °F and above). In
general, living plant material tolerates the dosage rate specified,
although the degree of tolerance varies with species, variety, stage of
growth, and condition of the plant material. MB accelerates the
decomposition of plants in poor condition.
Since MB is three times heavier than air, it diffuses outward and
downward readily, but requires fans to ensure upward movement and
equal gas distribution. Fan circulation also enhances penetration of
Chemical Treatments Fumigants • Methyl Bromide
“Q Labels” and Section 18 Exemption Treatment Schedules
2-3-2 Treatment Manual 10/2002-04
PPQ
MB into the commodity. A volatilizer is used to heat the liquid MB in
order to speed up its conversion to a gas. Once the gas is evenly
distributed, it maintains that condition for the duration of the
treatment unless an outside event such as excessive leakage occurs.
“Q Labels” and Section 18 Exemption Treatment Schedules
Methyl bromide fumigants, except those with “Q” labels, may be
subject to requirements of the FIFRA Section 18 Quarantine
Exemption. When commodities intended for food or feed are fumigated
with methyl bromide under the FIFRA Section 18 Quarantine
Exemption, one additional EPA requirement must be met: PPQ must
monitor aeration by sampling the gas concentration to determine
when a commodity may be released.
In this manual, fumigation schedules under the FIFRA Section 18
Quarantine Exemption are followed by an “Important” note to help you
determine the current exemption status. For example:
To better accommodate the requirements of quarantine and regulatory
fumigations with methyl bromide, the Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS) and the Great Lakes Chemical Corporation
have developed a premium 100 percent methyl bromide fumigant that
is only intended for quarantine and regulatory use. This methyl
bromide fumigant is provided by several companies and generally
Important
Do not use this treatment schedule if its FIFRA Section 18 Exemption has
expired. For the current exemption status, call your local State Plant Health
Director (SPHD).
Always use the label of the fumigant to determine if the commodity can be
treated. Fumigation schedules in this publication are intended to clarify and
expand commercial labels for methyl bromide. The EPA only authorizes
fumigation for commodities that are listed on the label of the gas being used
for the fumigation. Also, to comply with State requirements, a fumigant must
be registered in the State where it is being used. If you are uncertain that a
fumigant is registered in a state where the fumigation is being per formed,
contact a major port in that state or the Oxford Plant Protection Laboratory.
Chemical Treatments Fumigants • Methyl Bromide
“Q Labels” and Section 18 Exemption Treatment Schedules
10/2002-04 Treatment Manual 2-3-3
PPQ
referred to as a “Q label”. It is labeled for many uses which were
previously covered by FIFRA Section 18 Exemptions. Additional
features of the “Q label” include the following:
◆ Fumigation for rodents and warm blooded pests is allowed at
temperature down to 20 ° F.
◆ Use of additional fumigant to maintain the required
concentration is allowed.
◆ The commodity must be allowed to aerate for at least one hour
before completely removing the tarp. However, the aeration
procedures described in this manual require a longer period than
required on the label, and must be followed. Be sure that the
fumigator is placed under a compliance agreement, and that he
follows the aeration procedures outlined in this manual.
Although there is some overlap in the “Q label” and other methyl
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