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Well-Lighted
Areas
The area should have adequate lighting for safety purposes and for
ease in reading T/C units, thermometers, and for determining whether
a tarpaulin has holes or tears.
Aeration
Requirements
Assuming that you’ve already restricted access and secured the
fumigation area, you now must restrict access to the area where the
exhaust duct extends beyond the enclosure. Before you start a
fumigation, make sure the exhaust duct is located in a safe place.
Chemical Treatments Fumigants • Methyl Bromide • Tarpaulin Fumigation
Preparing to Fumigate
03/2004-05 Treatment Manual 2-4-7
PPQ
During the first 10 minutes of aeration, there should be no people
within 200 feet down wind of the exhaust duct outlet. If the exhaust
duct is not used, then the requirement for a 200 foot down-wind buffer
zone does not necessarily apply. However, personnel in the immediate
area should be aware that a release of fumigant gas is about to take
place and given the option of wearing SCBA if they choose to continue
working in the area. If it is impossible to restrict people from the area
of aeration during regular work hours, consider aeration during
another time of the day. When securing the duct outlet area, consider
the direction of the wind. Face the duct outlet toward an open area,
and away from people. Point the duct outlet upward to aid in
dispersing the exhausted gas.
After the first 10 minutes of aeration, if an exhaust duct is not used,
then a perimeter of 30 feet or more from the stack is usually regarded
as a safe distance for personnel. However, for personal safety, gas
levels should occasionally be monitored at greater distances,
especially downwind. Experience provides the best guide.
Step 5—Arranging the Stack
Break Bulk
Cargo
Have the cargo arranged in a square or rectangular shape, if possible,
to make it easy to cover and to calculate the volume of the stack. An
even shaped stack is easy to tarp. The height of the stack should be
uniform so dosage can be calculated accurately. For loose cargo, the
tarpaulin should be 2 feet above the load and one foot from the sides
and ends. Unless specified in the treatment schedule, cargo should
not exceed two-thirds of the volume of the area to be fumigated. The
maximum size for an enclosure is 25,000 ft3. Contact the Center for
Plant Health Science & Technology (CPHST) in Raleigh, North
Carolina, to get approval for any enclosures larger than 25,000 ft3. For
very large enclosures, it may be necessary to:
◆ install extra circulation fans
◆ add more samplig leads
◆ introduce the fumgant at several sites, using multiple volatilizers
◆ run the circulation fans longer than just the first 30 minutes, if
the difference between the highest and lowest gas concentration
readings exceeds 4 ounces
Once CPHST has approved the site and enclosure, it does not require
additional approvals for subsequent fumigations. The commodity
should be on pallets to permit air movement along the floor and
between the cargo. Allow an inch or more of space between pallets. By
arranging the stack evenly and with space between pallets or cartons,
the fumigant will be effectively distributed and dosage calculation
should be easier and more accurate. Dosages are easier to calculate
when the dimensions are uniform.
Chemical Treatments Fumigants • Methyl Bromide • Tarpaulin Fumigation
Preparing to Fumigate
2-4-8 Treatment Manual 03/2004-05
PPQ
When the fumigation involves multiple stacks, allow 10 feet of space
between each uncovered stack. After the stack is tarped, there should
be approximately 5 feet between enclosures.
Containerized
Cargo
Place no more than eight containers that are 20 to 40 feet in length
under a single tarpaulin. APHIS recommends that containers not be
stacked. Stacking may create too great a safety risk to the person
placing the tarp, fans, and gas monitoring leads. If fumigating multiple
containers in a single row, have all the rear doors opening on the same
side. If multiple containers are placed in two rows, then have all the
doors opening on a center aisle toward each other (See Figure 2-4-1).
The aisle must be at least 3 feet wide. The aisle must be at least 3 feet
wide. All doors should be completely open, if possible.
However, APHIS will allow fumigation of containerized cargo with one
door open on each container using a configuration such as the one
shown in Figure 2-4-2, or in a single row of eight containers. Gas
should be introduced at both ends of this long row configuration,
either at the same time or half at one end and half at the other end. In
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