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units.
3.3.2 Information on aircraft movements, together with a
record of air traffic control clearances issued to such aircraft,
shall be so displayed as to pennit ready analysis in order to
maintain an efficient flow of air traffic with adequate
separation between aircraft.
3.3.3 Clearances issued by air traffic control units shall
provide separation:
a) between all flights in airspace Classes A and B;
b) between IFR flights in airspace Classes C, D and E;
c) between IFR flights and WR flights in airspace Class C;
d) between IFR flights and special VFR flights;
e) between special VFR flights when so prescribed by the
appropriate ATS authority,
except that, when requested by an aircraft and if so prescribed
by the appropriate ATS authority for the cases listed under b)
above in airspace Classes D and E, a flight may be cleared
without separation being so provided in respect of a specific
portion of the flight conducted in visual meteorological
conditions.
3.3.4 Separation by an air traffic control unit shall be
obtained by at least one of the following:
a) vertical separation, obtained by assigning different levels
selected from:
ANNEX 11
Annex I1 - Air Traffic Services Chapter 3
1) the appropriate table of cruising levels in Appendix 3 3.4 Separation minima
of Annex 2, or
3.4.1 The selection of separation minima for application
2) a modified table of cruising levels, when so pre- within a given portion of airspace shall be as follows:
scribed in accordance with Appendix 3 of Annex 2
for flight above FL 410,
a) the separation minima shall be selected from those
prescribed by the provisions of the PANS-ATM and the
Regional Supplementary Procedures as applicable under
except that the correlation of levels to track as prescribed the prevailing circumstances except that, where types of
therein shall not appIy whenever otherwise indicated in aids are used or circumstances prevail which are not
appropriate aeronautical information publications or air covered by current ICAO provisions, other separation
traffic control clearances; minima shall be established as necessary by:
b) horizontal separation, obtained by providing:
1) longitudinal separation, by maintaining an interval
between aircraft operating along the same, converging
or reciprocal tracks, expressed in time or distance; or
2) lateral separation, by maintaining aircraft on different
routes or in different geographical areas;
C) composite separation, consisting of a combination of
vertical separation and one of the other forms of separ-
1) the appropriate ATS authority, following consultation
with operators, for routes or portions of routes
contained within the sovereign airspace of a State;
2) regional air navigation agreements for routes or
portions of routes contained within airspace over the
high seas or over areas of undetermined sovereignty.
Note.- Details of current separation minima prescribed
by ICAO are contained in the PANSATM
(Doc 4444) and Part I of the Regional Supplementary
Procedures (Doc 7030).
ation contained in b) above, using minima for each
which may be lower than, but not less than half of, those b) the selection of separation minima shall be made in
used for each of the combined elements when applied consultation between the appropriate ATS authorities
individually. Composite separation shall only be applied responsible for the provision of air traffic services in
neighbouring airspace when:
on the basis of regional air navigation agreements.
Note.- Guidance material relating to the implementation
of composite lateralhertical separation is contained in the Air
Traffic Services Planning Manual (Doc 9426).
3.3.4.1 For all airspace 'where a reduced vertical separation
minimum of 300 m (1 000 ft) is applied between I% 290
and FL 410 inclusive, a programme shall be instituted, on a
regional basis, for monitoring the height-keeping performance
of aircraft operating at these levels, in order to ensure that the
implementation and continued application of this vertical
separation minimum meets the safety objectives. The coverage
of the height-monitoring facilities provided under this programme
shall be adequate to permit monitoring of the relevant
aircraft types of all operators that operate in RVSM airspace.
1) traffic will pass from one into the other of the
neighbouring airspaces;
2) routes are closer to the common boundary of the
neighbouring airspaces than the separation minima
applicable in the circumstances.
Note.- The purpose of this provision is to ensure, in the
first case, compatibiliq on both sides of the line of transfer of
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