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obtained the correct time from such station.
2.24.5 Acrodrorne control towers shall, prior to an aircraft
taxiing for lake-off, provide the pilot with the correct timc,
unless arrangcmcnts have been madc for the pilot to oblain it
horn other sources. Air traflic services units shall, in addition,
provitic aircrart will) the correct tilnc on request. Timc chccks
shall bc given to the nearest hall minute.
27/11103
No. 42
Chapter 2 Annex I I - Air Traffic Semic~.s
2-25 Establidment of requirements for carriage
and operation of pressure-altitude
reporting transponders
States shall establish requirements for carriage and operation
of pressure-altitude reporting transponders within defined
portions of airspace.
Note.- This pr-ovision is irttertded to improve the
e#ecfiveness rf air trajfic senices as well ns airlmnze collision
avoidance systems.
226 ATS safety management
2.26.1 States shall implement systematic and appropriate
ATS safety management programmes to cnsure that safcty is
maintained in the provision of ATS within airspaces and at
aerodromes.
2.26.2 As of 27 November 2003, the acceptable level of
safety and safety objectives applicable to the provision of ATS
within airspaccs and at aerodromes shall bc established by the
State or States concemcd. When applicable, safety lcvels and
safety objectives shall be established on the basis of regional
air navigation agreements.
Note.- The acceptable level of safety may be specified in
qualitatil~e or qriantitutive tenns. The .foilo\t,ing are exanlples
qf measures which co~ld bs riscd to express the acceptable
level of safeiy:
a) a mmimlrm probability of an undesirable event, such as
collisiorz, loss of separation or rz{nwny incursion;
b) a muximunz nrcmhcr of accidents perflight hour;
C) a rnaximunt number of incidelzts per aircraft movement;
d! a inaximum nurnber of valid short-term conflict alerts
(STCA) per nircrrtfr movernmt.
2.26.3 Recommendation.- The acceptable level of
safeg and safety objectives applicablt to the provlsion of ATS
~.vithina irspaces and at rrerodronlss should be established by
!he State or States concerned. lVherz applicable, safep levels
and safe5 ~bjectivex sholild be established on the busis of
regional air navigation agreements.
2.26.4 An ATS safety management programme shall,
inter nlia:
a) identiCy actual and potential hazards and determine the
need [or remcdial action;
b) ensurc that remedial aclion necessary to maintain an
acceptable level of safety is implemented; :md
C) provid~f or conlinuous monitori~ga nd regs1a.r assessnlen!
of the safety level achievetl.
2.26.5 Any significant safely-related change to the ATC
system, jncluding the implemenl-iition of a reduced separation
minimum or a ncw procedure, shall. only be cffectcd after a
safety assessment has demons~rated that an acceptable level of
safety will bc met and uscrs havc been consulted. When
appropriate, the responsible authority shall ensnrc [hat adequate
provision is made for post-implcmentalion monitoring to
verify that the defined level of saCety continues to be met.
Note I.- When, dice to the rralure of the change, the
acceptable l e d of scfety cannot be expressed in qldantitative
terms, tlze safe6 assessnzent ntrry rely on operutronaljudgemerzt.
Note 2.- Attention is drawn to guidance material
co~itaincd in the Air Traffic Serviccs Planning Manual
(Doc 9426), the Manual on Airspace Planning Methodology
for the Determination of Separation Minima (Doc 9fiS9j, the
Manual. on Irnplcmentation of a 300 m (1 CH30 ft) Vertical
Separation Minimum between FL 290 and FL 410 Inclusive
(Doc 9574) and the Manual on Required Navigation
Performance (RNP) (Doc 9613).
2.27 Language proficiency
2.27.1 An air trafic services provider shall. cnsure h t air
tsalfic controllers speak and understand thc language(s) used
for radiotelephony communications as specilied in Annex I.
2.27.2 Except when communications betwecn air traffic
control units are conducled in a mutually agreed language, the
English language shall be used for such communicaiions.
2.28 Contingency arrangements
Air lraffic services authorities shall develop and promulgate
contingency plans for implementation in the cvent of
disruption, or potential disruption, of air traffic services and
related supporting services in the airspacc for which they arc
responsible for the provision of such services. Such contingency
plans shall be developed with the assistance of ICAO as
necessary. in close coordination with the air trarfic services
authorities rcsponsihle for the provision of services in adjacent
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