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information region about the flight and request their b) relay messages between the intercepted aircraft and the
assistance in establishing two-way communication with appropriate ATS unit, the intercept control unit or the
the aircraft: intercepting aircraft.
c) inquire of air traffic services units serving the adjacent
flight information regions about the flight and request 2.24 Time in air traffic services
their assistance in establishing two-way communication
with the aircraft; 2.24.1 Air traffic services units shall use Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC) and shall express the tirnc in hvurs and
d) attempt to obtain information from other aircraft in the minutes and, when required, seconds of the 24-hour day
area beginning at midnight.
2.23.1.2.1 The air traffic services unit shall, as necessary, 2.24.2 Air traffic services units shall be equipped with
inform the appropriate military unit as soon as the identity of clocks indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds,
the aircraft has been established. clearly visible from each operating position in the unit
concerned.
2.23.2 Interception of civil aircraft 2.24.3 Air traffic services unit clocks and other timerecording
devices shall be checked as necessary to ensure
2.23.2.1 As soon as an air traffic services unit learns that correct time to within plus or minus 30 seconds of UTC.
an aircraft is being intercepted in its area of responsibility, it Wherever data link communications are utilized by an air
shall take such of the following steps as are appropriate in the traffic services unit, clocks and other time-recording devices
circumstances: shall be checked as necessary to ensure correct time to within
1 second of UTC.
a) attempt to establish two-way communication with the
intercepted aircraft via any means available, including 2.24.4 The correct time shall be obtained from a standard
the emergency radio frequency 121.5 MHz, unless such time station or, if not possible, from another unit which has
communication already exists; obtained the correct time from such stalivn.
2.24.5 Aerodrome control towers shall, prior to an aircraft
b, the pilot of the aircraft of the taxiing for take-off, provide the pilot with the correct time,
interception; unless arrangements have been made for the pilot to obtain it
from other sources. Air traffic services units shall, in addition,
C) 'Ontact with the provide aircraft with the time on request. Time ,-hecks
maintaining two-way communication with the inter- shall bc givcn to the nearest half minute.
cepting aircraft and provide it with available information
concerning the aircraft;
d) relay messages between the intercepting aircraft or the 2.25 Establishment of requirements for carriage
intercept control unit and the intercepted aircraft, as and operation of pressure-altitude
necessary; reporting transponders
e) in close coordination with the intercept control unit take States shall establish requirements for carriage and operation
all necessary steps to ensure the safety of the intercepted of pressure-altitude reporting transponders within defined
aircraft; portions of airspace.
f) inform ATS units scrving adjacent flight information Note.- This provision is intended to improve the
regions if it appears that the aircraft has strayed from effectiveness of air traffic services as well as airborne collision
such adjacent flight information regions. avoidance systems.
Chapter 2 Annex 11 - Air Traffic Services
2.26 ATS safety management
2.26.1 States shall implement systematic and appropriate
ATS safety management programmes to ensure that safety is
maintained in the provision of ATS within airspaces and at
aerodromes.
2.26.2 As of 27 November 2003, the acceptable level of
safety and safety objectives applicable to the provision of ATS
within airspaces and at aerodromes shall be established by the
State or States concerned. When applicable, safety levels and
safety objectives shall be established on the basis of regional
air navigation agreements.
Note.- The acceptable level of safety may be specijed in
qualitative or quantitative terms. The following are e.ramples
of measures which could be used to express the acceptable
level of safety:
a) a maximum probability of an undesirable event, such as
collision, loss of separation or runway incursion;
b) a maximum number of accidents perflight hour;
c) a maximum number of incidents per aircraji movement;
d) a maximum number of valid short-term conflict alerts
(STCA ) per aircraji movement.
2.26.3 Recommendation.- The acceptable level of
safety and safety objectives applicable to the provision of ATS
within airspaces and at aerodromes should be established by
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