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or flight information region should be identified by the name
of the unit having jurisdiction over such airspace.
2.11 Establishment and
identification of ATS routes
2.1 1.1 When ATS routes are established, a protected
airspace along each ATS route and a safe spacing between
adjacent ATS routes shall be provided.
2.1 1.2 Recommendation.- When warranted by density,
corrrplenity or- rtuture of rhe frufic, syeciul roufes should be
established for use by low-level trafic, including helicopters
operating to nnd from helidecks on the high seas. When
determining the lateral spacing between such routes, account
should be taken of the navigational means available and the
navigation equipment carried on hoard helicopters.
2.11.3 ATS routes shall be identified by designators.
2.11.4 Designators for ATS routes other than standard
departure and arrival routes shall be selected in accordance
with the principles set forth in Appendix 1.
2.11.5 Standard departure and arrival routes and associated
procedures shall be identified in accordance with the principles
set forth in Appendix 3.
Note 1.- Guidance material relating to the establishment
of ATS routes is contained in the Air Traffic Services Planning
Manual (Doc 9426).
Note 2.- Guidance material relating to the estahlishment
of ATS routes defined by VOR is contained in Attachment A.
Note 3.- The spacing between parallel tracks or between
parallel ATS route centre lines for which an RNP type is
required will be dependent upon the relevant RNP type
specified. Guidance material relating to the establishment of
ATS routes for use by RNAV-equipped aircraft and to the
sparing between routev bawd on RNP type is rnntnined in
Attachment B.
2.12 Establishment of
change-over points
2.12.1 Recommendation.- Change-over points should
be established on ATS route segments defined by reference to
very high frequency omnidirectional radio ranges where this
will assist accurate navigation along the route segments. The
establishment of change-over points should be limited to route
segments of 110 km (60 NM) or more, except where the
complexity of ATS routes, the density of navigation aids or
other technical and operational reasons warrant the establishment
of change-over points on shorter route segments.
2.12.2 Recommendation.- Unless oth~rwise established
in relation to the performance of the navigation aids or
frequency protection criteria, the change-over point on a route
segment should he the mid-point between the facilities in the
case of a straight route segment or the intersection of radials
in the case of a route segment which changes direcrion
between the facilities.
Note.- Guidance on the establishment of change-over
points is contained in Attachment A.
Annex 11 - Air Traffic Services Chapter 2
2.13 Establishment and identification of
significant points
2.13.1 Significant points shall be established for the
purpose of defining an ATS route andlor in relation to the
requirements of air traffic services for information regarding
the progress of aircraft in flight.
2.13.2 Significant points shall be identified by designators.
2.13.3 Significant points shall be established and
identified in accordance with the principles set forth in
Appendix 2.
2.14 Establishment and identification of
standard routes for taxiing aircraft
2.14.1 Recommendation.- Where necessary, standard
routes for taxiing aircraft should be established on an aerodrome
hetween runways, aprons and maintenance areas. Such
routes should he direct, simple and where practicable,
designed to avoid traflc conflicts.
2.14.2 Recommendation.- Standard routes for taxiing
aircrafr should he identfied by designators distinctively
different from those of the runways and ATS routes.
2.16.2 Coordination of activities potentially hazardous to
civil aircraft shall be effected in accordance with 2.1 7.
2.16.3 Arrangements shall be made to permit information
relevant to the safe and expeditious conduct of flights of civil
aircraft to be promptly exchanged between air traffic services
units and appropriate military units.
2.16.3.1 Air traffic services units shall, either routinely or
on request, in accordance with locally agreed procedures,
provide appropriate military units with pertinent flight plan
and other data concerning flights of civil aircraft. In order to
eliminate or reduce the need for interceptions, air traffic services
authorities shall designate any areas or routes where the
requirements of Annex 2 concerning flight plans, two-way
communications and position reporting apply to all flights to
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