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minutes and, when required, seconds of the 24-hour day
beginning at midnight.
2.24.2 Air traffic services units shall be equipped with
clocks indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds,
clearly visible from each operating position in the unit
concerned.
2.24.3 Air traffic services unit clocks and other timerecording
devices shall be checked as necessary to ensure
correct time to within plus or minus 30 seconds of UTC.
Wherever data link communications are utilized by an air
traffic services unit, clocks and other time-recording devices
shall be checked as necessary to ensure correct time to within
1 second of UTC.
2.24.4 The correct time shall be obtained from a standard
communication already exists; time station or, if not possible, from another unit which has
obtained the correct time from such station.
b) inform the pilot of the intercepted aircraft of the
interception; 2.24.5 Aerodrome control towers shall, prior to an aircraft
taxiing for take-off, provide the pilot with the correct time,
c) establish contact with the intercept control unit unless arrangements have been made for the pilot to obtain it
maintaining two-way communication with the inter- from other sources. Air traffic services units shall, in addition,
cepting aircraft and provide it with available information provide aircraft with the correct time on request. Time checks
concerning the aircraft; shall be given to the nearest half minute.
27111103
No. 42
Chapter 2 Annex 11 - Air Trafic Services
2.25 Establishment of requirements for camage
and operation of pressure-altitude
reporting transponders
States shall establish requirements for camage and operation of
pressure-altitude reporting transponders within defined portions
of airspace.
Note.- This provision is intended to improve the effectiveness
of air traffic services as well as airborne collision
avoidance systems.
2.26 ATS safety management
2.26.1 States shall implement systematic and appropriate
ATS safety management programmes to ensure that safety is
maintained in the provision of ATS within airspaces and at
aerodromes.
2.26.2 The acceptable level of safety and safety objectives
applicable to the provision of ATS within airspaces and at aerodromes
shall be established by the State or States concerned.
When applicable, safety levels and safety objectives shall be
established on the basis of regional air navigation agreements.
Note.- The acceptable level of safety may be specified in
qualitative or quantitative terms. The following are examples
of measures which could be used to express the acceptable
level of safety:
a) a maximum probability of an undesirable event, such as
collision, loss of separation or runway incursion;
b) a maximum number of accidents perflight hour;
c) a maximum number of incidents per aircraft movement;
d) a maximum number of valid short-term conflict alerts
(STCA) per aircraft movement.
2.26.3 An ATS safety management programme shall, inter
alia:
a) identify actual and potential hazards and determine the
need for remedial action;
b) ensure that remedial action necessary to maintain an
acceptable level of safety is implemented; and
safety will be met and users have been consulted. When
appropriate, the responsible authority shall ensure that adequate
provision is made for post-implementation monitoring to verify
that the defined level of safety continues to be met.
Note 1.- When, due to the nature of the change, the
acceptable level of safety cannot be expressed in quantitative
terms, the safety assessment may rely on operational judgement.
Note 2.- Attention is drawn to guidance material contained
in the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual (Doc 9426), the
Manual on Airspace Planning Methodology for the Determination
of Separation Minima (Doc 9689). the Manual on
Implementation of a 300 m (1 000 ft) Vertical Separation
Minimum Between FL 290 and FL 410 Inclusive (Doc 9574)
and the Manual on Required Navigation Performance (RNF')
(Doc 9613).
2.27 Common reference systems
2.27.1 Horizontal reference system
World Geodetic System - 1984 (WGS-84) shall be used as
the horizontal (geodetic) reference system for air navigation.
Reported aeronautical geographical coordinates (indicating
latitude and longitude) shall be expressed in tenns of the
WGS-84 geodetic reference datum.
Note.- Comprehensive guidance material concerning
WGS-84 is contained in the World Geodetic System - 1984
(WGS-84) Manual (Doc %74).
2.27.2 Vertical reference system
Mean sea level (MSL) datum, which gives the relationship of
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