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circumstances.
Note.- To indicate that it is in a state of emergency, an
aircraft equipped with an appropriate data link capability and/
or an SSR transponder might operate the equipment as
follows:
Strayed aircraft. An aircraft which has deviated significantly
from its intended track or which reports that it is lost.
Unidentified aircraft. An aircraft which has been observed
or reported to be operating in a given area but whose identity
has not been established.
Note 2.- An aircraft may be considered, at the same time,
as a "strayed aircraft" by one unit and as an "unidentified
aircraft" by another unit.
2.23.1.1 As soon as an air traffic services unit becomes
aware of a strayed aircraft it shall take all necessary steps as
outlined in 2.23.1.1.1 and 2.23.1.1.2 to assist the aircraft and
to safeguard its flight.
Note.- Navigational assistance by an air traffic services
unit is particularly important if the unit becomes aware of an
aircraft straying, or about to stray, into an area where there
is a risk of interception or other hazard to its safety.
2.23.1.1.1 If the aircraft's position is not known, the air
traffic services unit shall:
a) attempt to establish two-way communication with the
aircraft, unless such communication already exists;
a) on Mode A, Code 7700; or
b) use all available means to determine its position;
b) on Mode A, Code 7500, to indicate spec@cally that it is
being subjected to unlawful inte8erence; or
c) activate the appropriate emergency and/or urgency
capability of ADS: or
d) transmit the appropriate emergency message via CPDLC.
2.22.1.1 Recommendation.- In communications between
ATS units and aircraft in the event of an emergency, Human
Factors principles should be observed.
Note.- Guidance material on Human Factors principles can
be found in the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
2.22.2 when an occurrence of unlawful interference with
an aircraft takes place or is suspected, ATS units shall attend
promptly to requests by the aircraft. Information pertinent to
the safe conduct of the flight shall continue to be transmitted
and necessary action shall be taken to expedite the conduct of
all phases of the flight, especially the safe landing of the
aircraft.
2.23 In-flight contingencies
2.23.1 Strayed or unidentified aircraft
Note 1.- The terms "strayed aircraft" and "unidentified
aircraft" in this paragraph have the following meanings:
c) inform other ATS units into whose area the aircraft may
have strayed or may stray, taking into account all the
factors which may have affected the navigation of the
aircraft in the circumstances;
d) inform, in accordance with locally agreed procedures,
appropriate military units and provide them with
pertinent flight plan and other data concerning strayed
aircraft;
e) request from the units referred to in c) and d) and from
other aircraft in flight every assistance in establishing
communication with the aircraft and determining its
position.
Note.- The requirements in d) and e) apply also to ATS
units informed in accordance with c).
2.23.1.1.2 When the aircraft's position is established, the
air traffic services unit shall:
a) advise the aircraft of its position and corrective action to
be taken; and
b) provide, as necessary, other ATS units and appropriate
military units with relevant information concerning the
strayed aircraft and any advice given to that aircraft.
2.23.1.2 As soon as an air traffic services unit becomes
aware of an unidentified aircraft in its area, it shall endeavour
Annex 11 - Air Traffic Services Chapter 2
to establish the identity of the aircraft whenever this is
necessary for the provisiori of air Waffic services or required by
the appropriate military authorities in accordance with locally
agreed procedures. To this end, the air traffic services unit
shall take such of the following steps as are appropriate in the
circumstances:
a) attempt to establish two-way communication with the
aircraft;
2.23.2.2 As soon as an air traffic services unit learns that
an aircraft is being intercepted outside ~ t sar ea of responsibility,
it shall take such of the following steps as are
appropriate in the circumstances:
a) inform the ATS unit serving the airspace in which the
interception is taking place, providing this unit with
available information that will assist in identifying the
aircraft and requesting it to take action in accordance
with 2.23.2.1;
b) inquire of other air traffic services units within the flight
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