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safety management system acceptable to the State that, as a
minimum:
a) identifies safety hazards;
b) ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain an
acceptable level of safety is implemented;
c) provides for continuous monitoring and regular assessment
of the safety level achieved; and
d) aims to make continuous improvement to the overall
level of safety.
2.26.4 A safety management system shall clearly define
lines of safety accountability throughout the air traffic services
provider, including a direct accountability for safety on the
part of senior management.
Note.— Guidance on safety management systems is contained
in the Safety Management Manual (SMM) (Doc 9859),
and associated procedures are contained in the PANS-ATM
(Doc 4444).
2.26.5 Any significant safety-related change to the ATS
system, including the implementation of a reduced separation
minimum or a new procedure, shall only be effected after a
safety assessment has demonstrated that an acceptable level of
safety will be met and users have been consulted. When appropriate,
the responsible authority shall ensure that adequate
provision is made for post-implementation monitoring to verify
that the defined level of safety continues to be met.
Note.— When, due to the nature of the change, the acceptable
level of safety cannot be expressed in quantitative terms,
the safety assessment may rely on operational judgment.
2.27 Common reference systems
2.27.1 Horizontal reference system
World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84) shall be used as
the horizontal (geodetic) reference system for air navigation.
Reported aeronautical geographical coordinates (indicating
latitude and longitude) shall be expressed in terms of the
WGS-84 geodetic reference datum.
Note.— Comprehensive guidance material concerning
WGS-84 is contained in the World Geodetic System — 1984
(WGS-84) Manual (Doc 9674).
2.27.2 Vertical reference system
Mean sea level (MSL) datum, which gives the relationship of
gravity-related height (elevation) to a surface known as the
geoid, shall be used as the vertical reference system for air
navigation.
Note.— The geoid globally most closely approximates MSL.
It is defined as the equipotential surface in the gravity field of
the Earth which coincides with the undisturbed MSL extended
continuously through the continents.
2.27.3 Temporal reference system
2.27.3.1 The Gregorian calendar and Coordinated Universal
Time (UTC) shall be used as the temporal reference system
for air navigation.
2.27.3.2 When a different temporal reference system is
used, this shall be indicated in GEN 2.1.2 of the Aeronautical
Information Publication (AIP).
2.28 Language proficiency
2.28.1 An air traffic services provider shall ensure that air
traffic controllers speak and understand the language(s) used
for radiotelephony communications as specified in Annex 1.
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No. 44
Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Chapter 2
1/11/01 2-12
2.28.2 Except when communications between air traffic
control units are conducted in a mutually agreed language, the
English language shall be used for such communications.
2.29 Contingency arrangements
Air traffic services authorities shall develop and promulgate
contingency plans for implementation in the event of disruption,
or potential disruption, of air traffic services and related supporting
services in the airspace for which they are responsible for
the provision of such services. Such contingency plans shall be
developed with the assistance of ICAO as necessary, in close
coordination with the air traffic services authorities responsible
for the provision of services in adjacent portions of airspace and
with airspace users concerned.
Note 1.— Guidance material relating to the development,
promulgation and implementation of contingency plans is
contained in Attachment D.
Note 2.— Contingency plans may constitute a temporary
deviation from the approved regional air navigation plans;
such deviations are approved, as necessary, by the President of
the ICAO Council on behalf of the Council.
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ANNEX 11 3-1 12/31/111/0/016
No. 44
CHAPTER 3. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE
3.1 Application
Air traffic control service shall be provided:
a) to all IFR flights in airspace Classes A, B, C, D and E;
b) to all VFR flights in airspace Classes B, C and D;
c) to all special VFR flights;
d) to all aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes.
3.2 Provision of air traffic control service
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