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c) to report as soon as possible to the associated
meteorological office pertinent information concerning
pre-eruption volcanic activity, volcanic eruptions and
information concerning volcanic ash cloud. In addition,
area control centres and flight information centres shall
report the information to the associated meteorological
watch office and volcanic ash advisory centres (VAACs).
Note I.- VAACs are designated by regional air navigation
agreements in accordance with Annex 3, 3.6.1.
Note 2.- See 4.2.3 regarding transmission of special
air-reports.
2.19.2 Close coordination shall be maintained between
area control centres, flight information centres and associated
meteorological watch offices to ensure that information on
volcanic ash included in NOTAM and SIGMET messages is
consistent.
2.20 Coordination between
aeronautical information services and
air traffic services authorities
2.20.1 To ensure that aeronautical information services
units obtain information to enable them to provide up-to-date
pre-flight information and to meet the need for in-flight
information, arrangements shall be made between aeronautical
information services and air traffic services authorities
responsible for air traftic services to report to the responsible
aeronautical information services unit, with a minimum of
dclay:
a) information on aerodrome conditions;
b) the operational status of associated facilities, services
and navigation aids within their area of responsibility;
c) the occurrence of volcanic activity observed by air
traffic services personnel or reported by aircraft; and
d) any other information considered to be of operational
significance.
2.20.2 Before introducing changes to the air navigation
system, due account shall be taken by the services responsible
for such changes of the time needed by the aeronautical information
service for the preparation, production and issuance of
relevant material for promulgation. To ensure timely provision
of the information to the aeronautical information service, close
coordination between those services concerned is therefore
required.
2.20.3 Of particular importance are changes to aeronautical
information that affect charts and/or computer-based
navigation systems which qualify to be notified by the
Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control (AIRAC)
system, as specified in Annex 15, Chapter 6 and Appendix 4.
The predetermined, internationally agreed AIRAC effective
dates in addition to 14 days postage time shall be observed by
the responsible air traffic services when submitting the raw
informatioddata to aeronautical information services.
2.20.4 The air traffic services responsible for the provision
of raw aeronautical informatioddata to the aeronautical information
services shall do so while taking into account accuracy
and integrity requirements for aeronautical data as specified in
Appendix 5 to this Annex.
Note I.- Spec@cations for the issue of a NOTAM,
SNOWTAM and ASHTAM are contained in Annex 15,
Chapter 5.
Note 2.- Reports of volcanic activity comprise the information
detailed in Annex 3, Chapter 4.
Note 3.- AIRAC information is distributed by the
aernnautiral infnrmntinn sprvire nt least 42 days in advnnce .
of the AIRAC effective dates with the objective of reaching
recipients at least 28 days in advance of the effective date.
Note 4.- The schedule of the predetermined, internationally
agreed AIRAC common effective dates at intervals
of 28 days, including 6 November 1997, and guidance for the
AIRAC use are contained in the Aeronautical Information
Services Manual (Doc 8126, Chapter 3, 3.1 and Chapter 4,
4.4).
2.21 Minimum flight altitudes
Minimum flight altitudes shall be determined and promulgated
by each Contracting State for each ATS route and control area
Chapter 2 Annex 11 - Air TrajJic Services
over its territory. The minimum flight altitudes determined
shall provide a minimum clearance above the controlling
obstacle located within the areas concerned.
Note.- The requirements for publication by States of
minimum flight altitudes and of the criteria used to determine
them are contained in Annex 15, Appendix I. Detailed obstacle
clearance criteria are contained in PANS-OPS (Doc 8168),
Volume I, Part Vl and Volume !I, Part I11 and Part VI.
2.22 Service to aircraft in the event
of an emergency
2.22.1 An aircraft known or believed to be in a state of
emergency, including being subjected to unlawful interference,
shall be given maximum consideration, assistance and
priority over other aircraft as may be necessitated by the
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