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the Srute ur Stutes cuncerned. When applicable, safety levels
and safety objectives should be established on the basis of
regional air navigation agreements.
2.26.4 An ATS safety management programme shall,
inter- alia:
a) identify actual and potential hazards and determine the
need for remedial action;
b) ensure that remedial action necessary to maintain an
acceptable level of safety is implemented; and
c) provide for continuous monitoring and regular assessment
of the safety level achieved.
2.26.5 Any significant safety-related changc lu lhe ATC
system, including the implementation of a reduced separation
minimum or a new procedure, shall only be effected after a
safety assessment has demonstrated that an acceptable level of
safety will be met and users have been consulted. When
appropriate, the responsible authority shall ensure that adequate
provision is made for post-implementation monitoring to
verify that the defined level of safety continues to be met.
Note I.- When, due to the nature of the change, the
acceptable level of safety cannot be expressed in quantitative
terms, the safety assessment may rely on operational judgement.
Note 2.- Attention is drawn to guidance material
contained in the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual
(Doc 9426), the Manual on Airspace Planning Methodology
for the Determination of Separation Minima (Doc 9689), the
Manual on Implementation of a 300 m (1 000 ft) Vertical
Separation Minimum between FL 290 and FL 410 Inclusive
(Doc 9574) and the Manual on Required Navigation
Performance (Doc 96 13).
CHAPTER 3. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE
3.1 Application
Air traffic control service shall be provided:
a) to all IFR flights in airspace Classes A, B, C, D and E;
b) to all VFR flights in airspace Classes B, C and D;
c) to all special VFR flights;
d) to all aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes.
3.2 Provision of air traffic control service
The parts of air traffic control service described in 2.3.1 shall
be provided by the various units as follows:
a) Area control service:
1) by an area control centre; or
2) by the unit providing approach control service in a
control 7one or in a control area of limited extent
which is designated primarily for the provision of
approach control service and where no area control
centre is established.
b) Approach control service:
1) by an aerodrome control tower or area control centre
when it is necessary or desirable to combine under
the responsibility of one unit the functions of the
approach control service with those of the aerodrome
control service or the area control service;
2) by an approach control unit when it is necessary or
desirable to establish a separate unit.
c) Aerodrome control service: by an aerodrome control
tower.
Note.- The task of providing specified services on the
apron, e.g. apron management service, may be assigned to an
aerodrome control tower or to a separate unit.
3.3 Operation of air traffic control service
3.3.1 In order to provide air traffic control service, an air
traffic control unit shall:
a) be provided with information on the intended movement
of each aircraft, or variations therefrom, and with
current information on the actual progress of each
aircraft;
b) determine from the information received, the relative
positions of known aircraft to each other;
C) issue clearances and information for the purpose of
preventing collision between aircraft under its control and
of expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of traffic;
d) coordinate clearances as necessary with other units:
1) whenever an aircraft might otherwise conflict with
traffic operated under the control of such other units;
2) before transferring control of an aircraft to such other
units.
3.3.2 Information on aircraft movements, together with a
record of air traffic control clearances issued to such aircraft,
shall be so displayed as to permit ready analysis in order to
maintain an efficient flow of air traffic with adequate
separation between aircraft.
3.3.3 Clearances issued by air traffic control units shall
provide separation:
a) between all flights in airspace Classes A and B;
b) between IFR flights in airspace Classes C, D and E;
c) between IFR flights and VFR flights in airspace Class C;
d) between IFR flights and special VFR flights;
e) between special VFR flights when so prescribed by the
appropriate ATS authority,
except that, when requested by an aircraft and if so prescribed
by the appropriate ATS authority for the cases listed under b)
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