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of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the flight rules.
Chapter I Annex I1 -Air Traffic Services
Visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Meteorological
conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from
cloud, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified minima.
Note.- The specified minima are contained in Annex 2.
VMC. The symbol used to designate visual meteorological
conditions.
Waypoint. A specified geographical location used to define an
area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft
employing area navigation. Waypoints are identified as
either:
Fly-by waypoint. A waypoint which requires turn anticipation
to allow tangential interception of the next
segment of a route or procedure, or
Flyover waypoint. A waypoint at which a turn is initiated in
order to join the next segment of a route or procedure.
* IS0 Standard
19104 - Geographic information - Tenninology
19108 - Geographic information - Tempoml schema
w1m
NO. 43
Chapter 2 Annex 11 - Air Trajfi Services
a) the locations or areas, times and durations for the
activities should be selected to avoid closure or
realignment of established ATS routes, blocking of the
most economic flight levels, or delays of scheduled
aircraft operations, unless no other options exist;
b) the size of the airspace designated for the conduct of the
activities should be kept as small as possible;
C) direct communication between the appropriate ATS
authority or air traffic services unit and the organization
or unit conducting the activities should be provided for
use in the event that civil aircraft emergencies or other
unforeseen circumstances require discontinuation of the
activities.
2.17.3 The appropriate ATS authorities shall be responsible
for initiating the promulgation of information regarding the
activities.
2.17.4 Recommendation.- If activities potentially
hazardous to civil aircraft take place on a regular or continuing
basis, special committees should be established as required to
ensure that the requirements of all parties concerned are
adequately coordinated.
Note.- Specifications governing the quality system are
given in Annex 15, Chapter 3.
2.18.2 Contracting States shall ensure that integrity of
aeronautical data is maintained throughout the data process
from surveylorigin to the next intended user. Aeronautical data
integrity requirements shall be based upon the potential risk
resulting from the comption of data and upon the use to
which the data item is put. Consequently, the following
classifications and data integrity levels shall apply:
a) critical data, integrity level 1 x lo4: there is a high
probability when using corrupted critical data that the
continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be
severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe;
b) essential data, integrity level 1 x lC5: there is a low
probability when using corrupted essential data that the
continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be
severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe; and
c) routine data, integrity level 1 x l(r3: there is a very low
probability when using corrupted routine data that the
continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be
severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe.
2.17.5 Adequate steps shall be taken to prevent emission 2.18.3 Protection of electronic aeronautical data while
of laser beams from adversely affecting flight operations. stored or in transit shall be totally monitored by the cyclic
redundancy check (CRC). To achieve protection of the
Note 1.- Guidance material regarding the hazardous effects integrity level of critical and essential aeronautical data as
of laser emitters onflight operations is contained in the Manual classified in 2.18.2, a 32- or 24-bit CRC algorithm shall apply
on Laser Emitters and Flight Safety (Doc 9815). rcspcctively.
Note 2.- See also Annex. 14 - Aerodromes, Volume I - 2.18.4 Recommendation.- To achieve protection of the
Aerodrome Design and Operations, Chapter 5. integrity level of routine aeronautical data as classified in
2.18.2, a 16-bit CRC algorithm should apply.
2.17.6 Recommendation.- In order to provide added
airspace capacity and to improve efficiency and flexibility of Note.- Guidance material on the aeronautical data qunlity
aircraft operations, States should establish procedures pro- requirements (accuracy, resolution, integrity, protection and
viding for a flexible use of airspace reserved for military or traceability) is contained in the World Geodetic System -
other special activities. The procedures should permit all 1984 (WGS-84) Manual (Doc 9674). SW~ofiingm aterial in
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