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provided, the markers should be incorporated in the light
fixtures. Where there are no lights, markers of flat rectangular
or conical shape should be placed so as to delimit the runway
clearly.
Characteristics
5.5.2.3 Recommendation.— The flat rectangular markers
should have a minimum size of 1 m by 3 m and should be placed
with their long dimension parallel to the runway centre line. The
conical markers should have a height not exceeding 50 cm.
23/11/06
No. 8
Chapter 6 Annex 14 — Aerodromes
6-3 25/11/04
b) it is of skeletal type with either a vertical or a horizontal
dimension greater than 1.5 m.
The bands should be perpendicular to the longest dimension
and have a width approximately 1/7 of the longest dimension
or 30 m, whichever is less. The colours of the bands should
contrast with the background against which they will be seen.
Orange and white should be used, except where such colours
are not conspicuous when viewed against the background. The
bands on the extremities of the object should be of the darker
colour. (See Figures 6-1 and 6-2.)
Note.— Table 6-1 shows a formula for determining band
widths and for having an odd number of bands, thus
permitting both the top and bottom bands to be of the darker
colour.
6.2.5 Recommendation.— An object should be coloured
in a single conspicuous colour if its projection on any vertical
plane has both dimensions less than 1.5 m. Orange or red
should be used, except where such colours merge with the
background.
Note.— Against some backgrounds it may be found necessary
to use a different colour from orange or red to obtain
sufficient contrast.
6.2.6 Recommendation.— When mobile objects are
marked by colour, a single conspicuous colour, preferably red
or yellowish green for emergency vehicles and yellow for
service vehicles should be used.
Table 6-1. Marking band widths
Use of markers
6.2.7 Markers displayed on or adjacent to objects shall be
located in conspicuous positions so as to retain the general
definition of the object and shall be recognizable in clear
weather from a distance of at least 1 000 m for an object to be
viewed from the air and 300 m for an object to be viewed from
the ground in all directions in which an aircraft is likely to
approach the object. The shape of markers shall be distinctive
to the extent necessary to ensure that they are not mistaken for
markers employed to convey other information, and they shall
be such that the hazard presented by the object they mark is
not increased.
6.2.8 Recommendation.— A marker displayed on an
overhead wire, cable, etc., should be spherical and have a
diameter of not less than 60 cm.
6.2.9 Recommendation.— The spacing between two
consecutive markers or between a marker and a supporting
tower should be appropriate to the diameter of the marker, but
in no case should the spacing exceed:
a) 30 m where the marker diameter is 60 cm progressively
increasing with the diameter of the marker to
b) 35 m where the marker diameter is 80 cm and further
progressively increasing to a maximum of
c) 40 m where the marker diameter is of at least 130 cm.
Where multiple wires, cables, etc. are involved, a marker
should be located not lower than the level of the highest wire
at the point marked.
6.2.10 Recommendation.— A marker should be of one
colour. When installed, white and red, or white and orange
markers should be displayed alternately. The colour selected
should contrast with the background against which it will be
seen.
Use of flags
6.2.11 Flags used to mark objects shall be displayed
around, on top of, or around the highest edge of, the object.
When flags are used to mark extensive objects or groups of
closely spaced objects, they shall be displayed at least every
15 m. Flags shall not increase the hazard presented by the
object they mark.
6.2.12 Flags used to mark fixed objects shall not be less
than 0.6 m square and flags used to mark mobile objects, not
less than 0.9 m square.
6.2.13 Recommendation.— Flags used to mark fixed
objects should be orange in colour or a combination of two
triangular sections, one orange and the other white, or one red
and the other white, except that where such colours merge with
the background, other conspicuous colours should be used.
6.2.14 Flags used to mark mobile objects shall consist of
a chequered pattern, each square having sides of not less than
0.3 m. The colours of the pattern shall contrast each with the
other and with the background against which they will be seen.
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