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aerodromes will be included as they are developed. In the
interim, guidance material on stolports is given in the Stolport
Manual (Doc 9150).
1.2.3 Wherever a colour is referred to in this Annex, the
specifications for that colour given in Appendix 1 shall apply.
1.3 Common reference systems
1.3.1 Horizontal reference system
World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84) shall be used as
the horizontal (geodetic) reference system. Reported
aeronautical geographical coordinates (indicating latitude and
longitude) shall be expressed in terms of the WGS-84 geodetic
reference datum.
Note.— Comprehensive guidance material concerning
WGS-84 is contained in the World Geodetic System — 1984
(WGS-84) Manual (Doc 9674).
1.3.2 Vertical reference system
Mean sea level (MSL) datum, which gives the relationship of
gravity-related height (elevation) to a surface known as the
geoid, shall be used as the vertical reference system.
Note 1.— The geoid globally most closely approximates
MSL. It is defined as the equipotential surface in the gravity
field of the Earth which coincides with the undisturbed MSL
extended continuously through the continents.
Note 2.— Gravity-related heights (elevations) are also
referred to as orthometric heights while distances of points
above the ellipsoid are referred to as ellipsoidal heights.
1.3.3 Temporal reference system
1.3.3.1 The Gregorian calendar and Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC) shall be used as the temporal reference
system.
1.3.3.2 When a different temporal reference system is
used, this shall be indicated in GEN 2.1.2 of the Aeronautical
Information Publication (AIP), see Annex 15, Appendix 1.
1.4 Certification of aerodromes
Note.— The intent of these specifications is to ensure the
establishment of a regulatory regime so that compliance with
the specifications in this Annex can be effectively enforced. It
is recognized that the methods of ownership, operation and
surveillance of aerodromes differ among States. The most
effective and transparent means of ensuring compliance with
applicable specifications is the availability of a separate safety
oversight entity and a well-defined safety oversight mechanism
with support of appropriate legislation to be able to carry out
the function of safety regulation of aerodromes.
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Chapter 1 Annex 14 — Aerodromes
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1.4.1 As of 27 November 2003, States shall certify
aerodromes used for international operations in accordance
with the specifications contained in this Annex as well as other
relevant ICAO specifications through an appropriate
regulatory framework.
1.4.2 Recommendation.— States should certify aerodromes
open to public use in accordance with these
specifications as well as other relevant ICAO specifications
through an appropriate regulatory framework.
1.4.3 The regulatory framework shall include the
establishment of criteria for the certification of aerodromes.
Note.— Guidance on a regulatory framework is given in the
Manual on Certification of Aerodromes.
1.4.4 As part of the certification process, States shall
ensure that an aerodrome manual which will include all pertinent
information on the aerodrome site, facilities, services,
equipment, operating procedures, organization and management
including a safety management system, is submitted by
the applicant for approval/acceptance prior to granting the
aerodrome certificate.
Note.— The intent of a safety management system is to
have in place an organized and orderly approach in the
management of aerodrome safety by the aerodrome operator.
Guidance on an aerodrome safety management system is given
in the Safety Management Manual (SMM) (Doc 9859) and in
the Manual on Certification of Aerodromes (Doc 9774).
1.5 Safety management
1.5.1 States shall establish a safety programme in order to
achieve an acceptable level of safety in aerodrome operations.
1.5.2 The acceptable level(s) of safety to be achieved
shall be established by the State(s) concerned.
Note.— Guidance on safety programmes and on defining
acceptable levels of safety is contained in Attachment E to
Annex 11 and in the Safety Management Manual (SMM)
(Doc 9859).
1.5.3 States shall require, as part of their safety programme,
that a certified aerodrome operator implements a safety management
system acceptable to the State that, as a minimum:
a) identifies safety hazards;
b) ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain an
acceptable level of safety is implemented;
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