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regular intervals along taxiways of great length.
Location
5.2.17.5 Recommendation.— The information marking
should be displayed across the surface of the taxiway or apron
where necessary and positioned so as to be legible from the
cockpit of an approaching aircraft.
Characteristics
5.2.17.6 An information marking shall consist of:
a) an inscription in yellow upon a black background, when
it replaces or supplements a location sign; and
Figure 5-9. Mandatory instruction marking
To runway '09'
1 m mnm
1 m mnm
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Annex 14 — Aerodromes Volume I
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b) an inscription in black upon a yellow background, when
it replaces or supplements a direction or destination
sign.
5.2.17.7 Where there is insufficient contrast between the
marking background and the pavement surface, the marking
shall include:
a) a black border where the inscriptions are in black; and
b) a yellow border where the inscriptions are in yellow.
5.2.17.8 Recommendation.— The character height
should be 4 m. The inscriptions should be in the form and
proportions shown in Appendix 3.
5.3 Lights
5.3.1 General
Lights which may endanger
the safety of aircraft
5.3.1.1 A non-aeronautical ground light near an aerodrome
which might endanger the safety of aircraft shall be
extinguished, screened or otherwise modified so as to eliminate
the source of danger.
Laser emissions which may endanger
the safety of aircraft
5.3.1.2 Recommendation.—To protect the safety of
aircraft against the hazardous effects of laser emitters, the
following protected zones should be established around
aerodromes:
— a laser-beam free flight zone (LFFZ)
— a laser-beam critical flight zone (LCFZ)
— a laser-beam sensitive flight zone (LSFZ).
Note 1.— Figures 5-10, 5-11 and 5-12 may be used to
determine the exposure levels and distances that adequately
protect flight operations.
Note 2.— The restrictions on the use of laser beams in the
three protected flight zones, LFFZ, LCFZ and LSFZ, refer to
visible laser beams only. Laser emitters operated by the
authorities in a manner compatible with flight safety are
excluded. In all navigable air space, the irradiance level of
any laser beam, visible or invisible, is expected to be less than
or equal to the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) unless
such emission has been notified to the authority and
permission obtained.
Note 3.— The protected flight zones are established in
order to mitigate the risk of operating laser emitters in the
vicinity of aerodromes.
Note 4.— Further guidance on how to protect flight
operations from the hazardous effects of laser emitters is
contained in the Manual on Laser Emitters and Flight Safety
(Doc 9815).
Note 5.— See also Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services,
Chapter 2.
Lights which may cause confusion
5.3.1.3 Recommendation.— A non-aeronautical ground
light which, by reason of its intensity, configuration or colour,
might prevent, or cause confusion in, the clear interpretation
of aeronautical ground lights should be extinguished, screened
or otherwise modified so as to eliminate such a possibility. In
particular, attention should be directed to a non-aeronautical
ground light visible from the air within the areas described
hereunder:
a) Instrument runway — code number 4:
within the areas before the threshold and beyond the end
of the runway extending at least 4 500 m in length from
the threshold and runway end and 750 m either side of the
extended runway centre line in width.
b) Instrument runway — code number 2 or 3:
as in a), except that the length should be at least 3 000 m.
c) Instrument runway — code number 1;
and non-instrument runway:
within the approach area.
Aeronautical ground lights which may cause
confusion to mariners
Note.— In the case of aeronautical ground lights near
navigable waters, consideration needs to be given to ensuring
that the lights do not cause confusion to mariners.
Light fixtures and supporting structures
Note.— See 9.9 for information regarding siting of
equipment and installations on operational areas, and the
Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), Part 6 or guidance on
frangibility of light fixtures and supporting structures.
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Chapter 5 Annex 14 — Aerodromes
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Location
5.4.4.2 A VOR aerodrome check-point sign shall be
located as near as possible to the check-point and so that the
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