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and not necessarily contiguous with, the LFFZ and LCFZ
where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause
flash-blindness or after-image effects.
Lighting system reliability. The probability that the complete
installation operates within the specified tolerances and that
the system is operationally usable.
Manoeuvring area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for
the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding
aprons.
Marker. An object displayed above ground level in order to
indicate an obstacle or delineate a boundary.
Marking. A symbol or group of symbols displayed on the
surface of the movement area in order to convey aeronautical
information.
Movement area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the
take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the
manoeuvring area and the apron(s).
Near-parallel runways. Non-intersecting runways whose
extended centre lines have an angle of convergence/
divergence of 15 degrees or less.
Non-instrument runway. A runway intended for the operation
of aircraft using visual approach procedures.
Normal flight zone (NFZ). Airspace not defined as LFFZ,
LCFZ or LSFZ but which must be protected from laser
radiation capable of causing biological damage to the eye.
Obstacle. All fixed (whether temporary or permanent) and
mobile objects, or parts thereof, that are located on an area
intended for the surface movement of aircraft or that extend
above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in
flight.
Obstacle free zone (OFZ). The airspace above the inner
approach surface, inner transitional surfaces, and balked
landing surface and that portion of the strip bounded by
these surfaces, which is not penetrated by any fixed
obstacle other than a low-mass and frangibly mounted one
required for air navigation purposes.
Orthometric height. Height of a point related to the geoid,
generally presented as an MSL elevation.
Pavement classification number (PCN). A number expressing
the bearing strength of a pavement for unrestricted
operations.
Precision approach runway, see Instrument runway.
Primary runway(s). Runway(s) used in preference to others
whenever conditions permit.
Protected flight zones. Airspace specifically designated to
mitigate the hazardous effects of laser radiation.
Chapter 1 Annex 14 — Aerodromes
1-5 25/11/04
Road. An established surface route on the movement area
meant for the exclusive use of vehicles.
Road-holding position. A designated position at which
vehicles may be required to hold.
Runway. A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome
prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft.
Runway end safety area (RESA). An area symmetrical about
the extended runway centre line and adjacent to the end of
the strip primarily intended to reduce the risk of damage to
an aeroplane undershooting or overrunning the runway.
Runway guard lights. A light system intended to caution
pilots or vehicle drivers that they are about to enter an
active runway.
Runway-holding position. A designated position intended to
protect a runway, an obstacle limitation surface, or an ILS/
MLS critical/sensitive area at which taxiing aircraft and
vehicles shall stop and hold, unless otherwise authorized by
the aerodrome control tower.
Note.— In radiotelephony phraseologies, the expression
“holding point” is used to designate the runway-holding
position.
Runway strip. A defined area including the runway and
stopway, if provided, intended:
a) to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a
runway; and
b) to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or
landing operations.
Runway turn pad. A defined area on a land aerodrome
adjacent to a runway for the purpose of completing a
180-degree turn on a runway.
Runway visual range (RVR). The range over which the pilot
of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the
runway surface markings or the lights delineating the
runway or identifying its centre line.
Safety programme. An integrated set of regulations and
activities aimed at improving safety.
Safety management system. A systematic approach to
managing safety including the necessary organizational
structure, accountabilities, policies and procedures.
Segregated parallel operations. Simultaneous operations on
parallel or near-parallel instrument runways in which one
runway is used exclusively for approaches and the other
runway is used exclusively for departures.
Shoulder. An area adjacent to the edge of a pavement so
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