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Note 1.— An example of widening taxiways to achieve the
wheel clearance specified is illustrated in Figure 3-2.
Guidance on the values of suitable dimensions is given in the
Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), Part 2.
Note 2.— The location of taxiway centre line markings and
lights is specified in 5.2.8.4 and 5.3.16.11.
Note 3.— Compound curves may reduce or eliminate the
need for extra taxiway width.
Junctions and intersections
3.9.7 Recommendation.— To facilitate the movement of
aeroplanes, fillets should be provided at junctions and
intersections of taxiways with runways, aprons and other
taxiways. The design of the fillets should ensure that the
minimum wheel clearances specified in 3.9.3 are maintained
when aeroplanes are manoeuvring through the junctions or
intersections.
Note.— Consideration will have to be given to the
aeroplane datum length when designing fillets. Guidance on
the design of fillets and the definition of the term aeroplane
datum length are given in the Aerodrome Design Manual
(Doc 9157), Part 2.
Taxiway minimum separation distances
3.9.8 Recommendation.— The separation distance
between the centre line of a taxiway and the centre line of a
runway, the centre line of a parallel taxiway or an object
should not be less than the appropriate dimension specified in
Table 3-1, except that it may be permissible to operate with
lower separation distances at an existing aerodrome if an
Figure 3-2. Taxiway curve
Location of taxiway centre
line markings (see 5.2.8.4)
Location of taxiway centre
line lights (see 5.3.16.11)
Taxiway
width
(see 3.9.5)
Minimum wheel
clearance (see 3.9.6)
Extra
taxiway
width
TAXIWAY
The figure shows an example of taxiway widening to achieve
the specified wheel clearances on taxiway curves (see 3.9.6).
Guidance material on suitable dimensions is given in the
Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), Part 2.
x
x/2 x/2
23/11/06
No. 8
ANNEX 14 — VOLUME I 4-1 25/11/04
CHAPTER 4. OBSTACLE RESTRICTION AND REMOVAL
Note 1.— The objectives of the specifications in this chapter
are to define the airspace around aerodromes to be maintained
free from obstacles so as to permit the intended aeroplane
operations at the aerodromes to be conducted safely and to
prevent the aerodromes from becoming unusable by the growth
of obstacles around the aerodromes. This is achieved by
establishing a series of obstacle limitation surfaces that define
the limits to which objects may project into the airspace.
Note 2.— Objects which penetrate the obstacle limitation
surfaces contained in this chapter may in certain circumstances
cause an increase in the obstacle clearance altitude/height for
an instrument approach procedure or any associated visual
circling procedure or have other operational impact on flight
procedure design. Criteria for flight procedure design are contained
in Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Aircraft
Operations (PANS-OPS, Doc 8168).
Note 3.— The establishment of, and requirements for, an
obstacle protection surface for visual approach slope indicator
systems are specified in 5.3.5.41 to 5.3.5.45.
4.1 Obstacle limitation surfaces
Note.— See Figure 4-1.
Outer horizontal surface
Note.— Guidance on the need to provide an outer horizontal
surface and its characteristics is contained in the Airport
Services Manual (Doc 9137), Part 6.
Conical surface
4.1.1 Description.— Conical surface. A surface sloping
upwards and outwards from the periphery of the inner horizontal
surface.
4.1.2 Characteristics.— The limits of the conical surface
shall comprise:
a) a lower edge coincident with the periphery of the inner
horizontal surface; and
b) an upper edge located at a specified height above the
inner horizontal surface.
4.1.3 The slope of the conical surface shall be measured in
a vertical plane perpendicular to the periphery of the inner
horizontal surface.
Inner horizontal surface
4.1.4 Description.— Inner horizontal surface. A surface
located in a horizontal plane above an aerodrome and its environs.
4.1.5 Characteristics.— The radius or outer limits of the
inner horizontal surface shall be measured from a reference
point or points established for such purpose.
Note.— The shape of the inner horizontal surface need not
necessarily be circular. Guidance on determining the extent of
the inner horizontal surface is contained in the Airport Services
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