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discontinued at any point below the obstacle clearance
altitude/height (OCA/H).
Barrette. Three or more aeronautical ground lights closely
spaced in a transverse line so that from a distance they
appear as a short bar of light.
Calendar. Discrete temporal reference system that provides
the basis for defining temporal position to a resolution of
one day (ISO 19108*).
Capacitor discharge light. A lamp in which high-intensity
flashes of extremely short duration are produced by the
discharge of electricity at high voltage through a gas
enclosed in a tube.
Certified aerodrome. An aerodrome whose operator has been
granted an aerodrome certificate.
Clearway. A defined rectangular area on the ground or water
under the control of the appropriate authority, selected or
prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may
make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height.
Cyclic redundancy check (CRC). A mathematical algorithm
applied to the digital expression of data that provides a
level of assurance against loss or alteration of data.
Data quality. A degree or level of confidence that the data
provided meet the requirements of the data user in terms of
accuracy, resolution and integrity.
Datum. Any quantity or set of quantities that may serve as a
reference or basis for the calculation of other quantities
(ISO 19104*).
De-icing/anti-icing facility. A facility where frost, ice or snow
is removed (de-icing) from the aeroplane to provide clean
surfaces, and/or where clean surfaces of the aeroplane
receive protection (anti-icing) against the formation of frost
or ice and accumulation of snow or slush for a limited
period of time.
Note.— Further guidance is given in the Manual of Aircraft
Ground De-icing/Anti-icing Operations (Doc 9640).
De-icing/anti-icing pad. An area comprising an inner area for
the parking of an aeroplane to receive de-icing/anti-icing
treatment and an outer area for the manoeuvring of two or
more mobile de-icing/anti-icing equipment.
Declared distances.
a) Take-off run available (TORA). The length of runway
declared available and suitable for the ground run of an
aeroplane taking off.
b) Take-off distance available (TODA). The length of the
take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if
provided.
* All ISO Standards are listed at the end of this chapter.
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Chapter 1 Annex 14 — Aerodromes
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c) Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA). The length
of the take-off run available plus the length of the
stopway, if provided.
d) Landing distance available (LDA). The length of
runway which is declared available and suitable for the
ground run of an aeroplane landing.
Dependent parallel approaches. Simultaneous approaches to
parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar
separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended
runway centre lines are prescribed.
Displaced threshold. A threshold not located at the extremity
of a runway.
Effective intensity. The effective intensity of a flashing light is
equal to the intensity of a fixed light of the same colour
which will produce the same visual range under identical
conditions of observation.
Ellipsoid height (Geodetic height). The height related to the
reference ellipsoid, measured along the ellipsoidal outer
normal through the point in question.
Fixed light. A light having constant luminous intensity when
observed from a fixed point.
Frangible object. An object of low mass designed to break,
distort or yield on impact so as to present the minimum
hazard to aircraft.
Note.— Guidance on design for frangibility is contained in
the Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), Part 6.
Geodetic datum. A minimum set of parameters required to
define location and orientation of the local reference system
with respect to the global reference system/frame.
Geoid. The equipotential surface in the gravity field of the
earth which coincides with the undisturbed mean sea level
(MSL) extended continuously through the continents.
Note.— The geoid is irregular in shape because of local
gravitational disturbances (wind tides, salinity, current, etc.)
and the direction of gravity is perpendicular to the geoid at
every point.
Geoid undulation. The distance of the geoid above (positive)
or below (negative) the mathematical reference ellipsoid.
Note.— In respect to the World Geodetic System — 1984
(WGS-84) defined ellipsoid, the difference between the WGS-
84 ellipsoidal height and orthometric height represents
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