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- 2 per cent where the code number is I or 2.
3.1.14 Recommendation.- Along no portion of a
runway should the longitudinal slope exceed:
- 1.25 per cent where the code number is 4, except that
for thefirst and last quarter of the length of the runway
the longitudinal slope should not exceed 0.8 per cent;
- 1.5 per cent where the code number is 3, except that for
the first and last quarter of the length of a precision
approach runway category I1 or I11 the longitudinal
slope should not exceed 0.8 per cent; and
- 2 per cent where the code number is 1 or 2.
3.1.15 Longitudinal slope changes
- 0.4 per cent per 30 m (minimum radius of curvature of
7 500 m) where the code number is I or 2.
3.1.17 Sight distance
Recommendation.- Where slope changes cannot be
avoided, they should be such that there will be an
unobstructed line of sightfim:
- any point 3 m above a m a yto all other points 3 m above
the runway within a distance of at least half the length of
the runway where the code letter is C, D, E or R
- any point 2 m above a runway to all otherpoints 2 m above
the runway within a distance of at least half the length of
the runway where the code letter is B; and
- any point 1.5 m above a runway to all other points 1.5 m
above the runway within a disiance of at least half the
length of the runway where the code letter is A.
Note.- Consideration will have to be given to providing an
unobsttucted line of sight over the entire length of a single
runway where a firll-length parallel taxiway is not available.
Where an aerodrome has intersecting runways, additional
criteria on the line of sight of the intersection area would need
to be considered for operational safety. See the Aerodrome
Design Manual, Part I.
3.1.18 Distance between slope changes
Recommendation.- Undulations or appreciable changes
in slopes located close together along a runway should be
avoided. The distance between thepoints of intersection of two
successive curves should not be less than:
Recommendation.- Where slope changes cannot be a) the sum of the absolute numerical values of the correavoided,
a slope change between two consecutive slopes sponding slope changes multiplied by the appropriate
should not exceed: value as follows:
WlYO5
No. 7
Annex 14 -Aerodromes Volume I
- 30 000 m where the code number is 4;
- 15 000 m where the code number is 3; and
- 5 000 m where the code number is I or 2; or
whichever is greater.
Note.- Guidance on implementing this specifcation is
given in Attachment A, Section 4.
3.1.1 9 Transverse slopes
Recommendation.- To promote the most rapid drainage of
water, the runway sur$ace should, ifpracticable, be cambered
except where a single crossfallfrom high to low in the dimction
of the wind most frequently associated with rain would ensure
rapid drainage. The transverse slope should ideally be:
- 1.5 per cent where the code letter is C, D, E or F; and
- 2 per cent where the code letter is A or B;
but in any event should not exceed 1.5 per cent or 2 per cent,
as applicable, nor be less than I per cent except at runway or
taxiway intersections where flatter slopes may be necessary.
characteristics or otherwise adversely affect the take-off or
landing of an aeroplane.
Note 1.- Sur$ace irregularities may adversely affect the
take-off or landing of an aeroplane by causing excessive
bouncing, pitching, vibration, or other d~flculties in the
control of an aeroplane.
Note 2.- Guidance on design tolerances and other
information is given in Attachment A, Section 5. Additional
guidance is included in the Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 3.
3.1.23 The surface of a paved runway shall be so
constructed as to provide good friction characteristics when
the runway is wet.
3.1.24 Recommendation.- Measurements of the
friction characteristics of a new or resurfaced runway should
be made with a continuous fiction measuring device using
self-wetting features in order to assure that the design
objectives with respect to itsfiiction characteristics have been
achieved.
Note.- Guidance on friction characteristics of new runway
surfaces is given in Attachment A, Section 7. Additional
guidance is included in the Airport Services Manual, Part 2.
3.1.25 Recommendation.- The average sur$ace texture
depth of a new surface should be not less than 1.0 mm.
For a cambered surface the transverse slope on each side of Note I.- This normally requires some form of special
the centre line should be symmetrical. surface treatment.
Note.- On wet runways with cross-wind conditions the
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