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c. OASIS entry, use the Transmit PIREP dialog
box.
9-2-3. RESPONSIBILITY
AFSS/FSS specialists shall actively solicit PIREPs
in conjunction with preflight and inflight communications
with pilots and assure timely dissemination of
the PIREP information. Each facility should make
special efforts to obtain PIREPs on departure and
arrival weather conditions at airports within their
flight plan area.
9-2-4. PIREP DISPLAY
Maintain a PIREP display to conform with the
particular requirements of your facility. If it is posted
for internal use only, symbology may be used at the
facility's discretion. If it is displayed as a pilot
self-briefing aid, the use of contractions, such as
OVC, shall be applicable.
9-2-5. SOLICITING PIREPs
a. Solicit PIREPs for the affected area(s) when one
or more of the following weather conditions exist, are
reported, or forecast to occur:
1. Ceilings at or below 5,000 feet.
2. Visibility reported on the surface or aloft is
5miles or less.
3. Thunderstorms and related phenomenon.
4. Turbulence of moderate degree or greater.
5. Icing of light degree or greater.
6. Wind shear.
7. Volcanic ash clouds are reported or forecast.
NOTEPilots
may forward PIREPs regarding volcanic activity
using the format described in the Volcanic Activity
Reporting Form (VAR) as depicted in the Aeronautical
Information Manual, Appendix 2.
b. Also, solicit PIREPs regardless of weather
conditions when:
1. An NWS or ATC facility indicates a need
because of a specific weather or flight assistance
situation.
2. Necessary to determine flying conditions
pertinent to natural hazards (mountain passes, ridges,
peaks) between the weather reporting stations.
3. The station is designated as responsible for
PIREPs in an offshore coastal area.
c. Flight watch specialists shall solicit sufficient
PIREPs to remain aware of flight conditions.
d. To solicit PIREPs within a specific area,
broadcast a request on NAVAIDs, transcribed
broadcast facilities, or a selected communications
frequency.
PHRASEOLOGYPILOT
WEATHER REPORTS ARE REQUESTED
(location/area). CONTACT (name) RADIO/FLIGHT
WATCH ON (frequency) TO REPORT THESE
CONDITIONS.
9-2-6. RECORDING OF PIREP DATA
Record PIREP data directly into M1FC or OASIS, or
on FAA Form 7110-2, or on other material deemed
appropriate; e.g., 5'' x 8'' plain paper.
9-2-7. DATA TO BE INCLUDED IN PIREPs
Include the following reports of flight conditions, as
appropriate:
a. Height and coverage of cloud bases, tops, and
layers.
b. Flight visibility.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
9-2-2 Pilot Weather Report (UA/UUA)
c. Restrictions to visibility and weather occurring
at altitude.
d. Air temperature and changes to temperature
with altitude or range.
e. Direction and speed of wind aloft.
f. Extent and intensity of turbulence.
REFERENCEFAAO
JO 7110.10, Para 9-2-8.
g. Extent, type, and intensity of icing.
REFERENCEFAAO
JO 7110.10, Para 9-2-9.
h. Weather conditions and cloud cover through
mountain passes and over ridges and peaks.
i. Location, extent, and movement of thunderstorms
and/or tornadic activity.
j. Excessive winds aloft, LLWS, and other
phenomena bearing on safety and efficiency of flight.
9-2-8. REPORTING TURBULENCE IN
PIREPs
a. Turbulence reports should include location,
altitude, or range of altitudes, and aircraft type, and
should include whether in clouds or clear air. The
degree of turbulence, intensity, and duration
(occasional, intermittent, and continuous) is determined
by the pilot. It is essential that the report is
obtained and disseminated when possible in
conformance with the U.S. Standard Turbulence
Criteria Table as follows:
1. Light. Loose objects in aircraft remain at rest.
2. Moderate. Unsecured objects are dislodged.
Occupants feel definite strains against seat belts and
shoulder straps.
3. Severe. Occupants thrown violently against
seat belts. Momentary loss of aircraft control.
Unsecured objects tossed about.
4. Extreme. Aircraft is tossed violently about,
impossible to control. May cause structural damage.
b. Report CAT or CHOP if used by the pilot to
describe the type of turbulence.
9-2-9. REPORTING ICING CONDITIONS IN
PIREPs
a. Icing reports shall include location, altitude or
range of altitudes, type aircraft, air temperature,
intensity, and type of icing.
b. Icing types.
1. Rime. Rough, milky, opaque ice formed by
the instantaneous freezing of small super-cooled
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