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contains a complete list of weather elements and
appropriate phraseology.
TBL 2-1-4
Examples of combining intensity, descriptors and
weather phenomenon.
Contractions Phraseology
BLSN BLOWING SNOW.
FZDZ FREEZING DRIZZLE.
FZRA FREEZING RAIN.
-FZRAPL LIGHT FREEZING RAIN, ICE
PELLETS.
MIFG SHALLOW FOG.
SHRA RAIN SHOWERS.
+TSRA THUNDERSTORM, HEAVY
RAIN (SHOWERS)1.
TSRA THUNDERSTORM, RAIN.
+TSRAGR THUNDERSTORM, HEAVY
RAIN, HAIL.
-SHRA LIGHT RAIN SHOWERS.
SHSN SNOW SHOWERS.
VCSH SHOWERS IN THE VICINITY.
1Since thunderstorms imply showery precipitation,
“showers” may be used to describe precipitation that
accompany thunderstorms.
h. Ceiling and sky coverage.
1. Broadcast Sky Coverage in the same order as
reported on the weather observation. Announce
ceiling as follows: (See TBL 2-1-5.)
TBL 2-1-5
Ceiling and Sky coverage
Contraction Phraseology
BKN0001 SKY PARTIALLY OBSCURED.
BKN0002 CEILING LESS THAN FIVE
ZERO BROKEN.
FEW0001 SKY PARTIALLY OBSCURED.
FEW0002 FEW CLOUDS AT LESS THAN
FIVE ZERO.
SCT0001 SKY PARTIALLY OBSCURED.
SCT0002 LESS THAN FIVE ZERO
SCATTERED.
(lowest layer
aloft) BKN/
OVC
(precede with) CEILING.
VV INDEFINITE CEILING.
1 Surface-based obscurations. Requires remarks,
i.e. RMK FG SCT000, FU BKN000, etc.
2 No remark means the layer is aloft.
2. State cloud heights in tens, hundreds and/or
thousands of feet. (See TBL 2-1-6.)
TBL 2-1-6
Cloud Heights
Number Phraseology
0001 ZERO.
003 THREE HUNDRED.
018 ONE THOUSAND EIGHT
HUNDRED.
200 TWO ZERO THOUSAND.
1 Spoken as zero only when used with VV.
NOTEWhen
the ceiling is less than 3,000 feet and variable, the
variable limits will be reported in the remarks.
3. Announce sky conditions as indicated.
(See TBL 2-1-7.)
TBL 2-1-7
Sky Conditions
Contraction Phraseology
BKN (height) BROKEN.
CLR1 CLEAR BELOW ONE TWO
THOUSAND.
FEW FEW CLOUDS AT (height).
SCT (height) SCATTERED.
SKC CLEAR.
OVC (height) OVERCAST.
1 Automated weather reports.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
2-1-4 General
TBL 2-1-8
Weather Elements
QUALIFIER WEATHER PHENOMENA
INTENSITY
or
PROXIMITY
1
DESCRIPTOR
2
PRECIPITATION
3
OBSCURATION
4
OTHER
5
- Light MI Shallow DZ Drizzle BR Mist PO Well-
Developed
Dust/Sand
Whirls
BC Patchy RA Rain FG Fog SQ Squalls
Moderate
(No Qualifier)
DR Low Drifting SN Snow FU Smoke FC
+FC
Funnel Cloud,
Tornado or
Waterspout
BL Blowing SG Snow Grains DU Dust SS Sandstorm
+ Heavy SH Showers IC Ice Crystals SA Sand DS Duststorm
TS Thunderstorm PL Ice Pellets HZ Haze
VC In the Vicinity FZ Freezing GR Hail PY Spray
PR Partial GS Small Hail or
Snow Pellets
(1/4”)
VA Volcanic Ash
UP *Unknown
Precipitation
* Automated stations only.
4. The following are examples of broadcast
phraseology of sky and ceiling conditions:
(See TBL 2-1-9.)
TBL 2-1-9
Sky and ceiling conditions
Condition Phraseology
BKN000
BKN010
BKN050 RMK
FG BKN000
SKY PARTIALLY OBSCURED,
CEILING ONE THOUSAND
BROKEN, FIVE THOUSAND
BROKEN. FOG OBSCURING
FIVE TO SEVEN EIGHTS OF
THE SKY.
BKN010 CEILING ONE THOUSAND
BROKEN.
SCT000
SCT020
OVC035 RMK
FG SCT000
SKY PARTIALLY OBSCURED,
TWO THOUSAND
SCATTERED, CEILING THREE
THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED
OVERCAST. FOG OBSCURING
THREE TO FOUR EIGHTS OF
THE SKY.
SCT020
OVC250
TWO THOUSAND
SCATTERED, CEILING TWO
FIVE THOUSAND OVERCAST.
VV000 INDEFINITE CEILING ZERO.
VV012 INDEFINITE CEILING ONE
THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED.
2/14/08 JO 7110.10T
General 2-1-5
i. Temperature and Dew Point. Announce temperature
and dew point in degrees Celsius. Temperatures
below zero are preceded with an M and are announced
by prefixing the word MINUS to the values. When
the temperature and dew point spread is greater than
3 degrees, broadcast only the temperature. (See
TBL 2-1-10.)
TBL 2-1-10
Temperature and Dew Point
Value Phraseology
02/M01 TEMPERATURE TWO, DEW
POINT MINUS ONE.
14/09 TEMPERATURE ONE FOUR.
36/34 TEMPERATURE THREE SIX,
DEW POINT THREE FOUR.
j. Altimeter Setting. Announce the four digits of
the altimeter setting. (See TBL 2-1-11.)
TBL 2-1-11
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