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investigation of accidents and incidents. In fact, in some accidents, the recorders are the only
wreckage that needs to be recovered39.
The challenge for the aviation safety community is to promote the installation of suitable -
lighter and less expensive - flight recorders in smaller aircraft such as the very light jets whose
numbers will soon be rapidly expanding.
The challenge for flight data analysts is to ensure that flight data is validated, analysed and
presented objectively and accurately.
___________________________________
39 In 1996, a Boeing 757 crashed into the sea off the coast of the Dominican Republic, killing all 189 on board. The
wreckage was at a depth of 7,200 feet that made recovery extremely expensive. The FDR recorded approximately
350 parameters and together with the CVR, provided investigators with all the data they needed to precisely define
the problems and to determine the crew’s actions. As a result, the only wreckage recovered was the flight
recorders.
© 2001 by CRC Press LLC
30
New Avionics Systems
—Airbus A330/A340
30.1 Overview
30.2 Highlights
30.3 Systems
30.4 Cockpit
30.5 User Involvement
30.6 Avionics
30.7 Instruments
30.8 Navigation
30.9 Flying Controls
30.10 Central Maintenance System
30.11 Communications
30.12 Flexibility and In-Service Updates
30.13 Development Environment
30.14 Support Environment
30.1 Overview
The A330/A340 project is a twin programme — the first time that an aircraft has been designed from
the outset both with four engines, and also with two engines. Both aircraft types have essentially the
same passenger and freight capacity. The four-engined A340 is optimized for long-range missions, but
is also efficient at shorter ranges. With two engines, the A330 offers even better operating economics for
the missions where an airline does not need the very long range of the A340.
The realization that on the two different aircraft very many features could in fact be engineered the
same way without a penalty, was the key to obtaining substantial commonality between the two products.
This approach has provided very substantial advantages for the operators, the airframe manufacturer,
and for the equipment vendors. In effect, by designing for both sister aircraft from the outset, the
requirements were engineered in common, and any added features for either of the two aircraft could
be introduced at a point in the design where they cost very little extra in terms of price, weight,
reliability/maintainability or fuel burn.
As a result, the two aircraft use the same parts (except the engine-related parts), can use the same
aircrews, use the same airport and maintenance environment, and cost almost the same to develop as a
single aircraft. And both are supremely efficient.
The A340 is offered in two configurations, allowing operators to tailor capacity and capability to
demand. The larger A340-300 has the same fuselage length as the A330 and, while seating 300 to
350 passengers, has seat-mile costs close to those of the latest 747, making it an economical alternative
on long-range routes with lower traffic densities.
J.P. Potocki de Montalk
Airbus Industrie
© 2001 by CRC Press LLC
The A340-200, seating 250 to 300 passengers, has the longest range capability of any commercial
airliner available. Its low trip costs, coupled with the operating flexibility of four engines, make it an
ideal aircraft for taking over when long-range twins become uneconomic.
While the A340 serves very long routles, the A330 is designed to serve high-growth, high-density
regional routes. At the same time, it has the capability to operate economically on extended-range
international routes. With typically 335 seats in a two-class arrangement, the A330 has a range of 4500
nmi with a full complement of passengers and baggage and 3200 nmi with maximum payload, making
it ideal as a direct replacement for the costlier trijets and as a growth replacement for earlier twinjets.
30.2 Highlights
The A330 and A340 are built on the technological background established by two previous, complementary,
product lines.
The A300/A310 series is the world’s best-established twin-jet twin-aisle aircraft programme, with a
very large number of technologically advanced features that transfer to larger, longer-range aircraft.
The A319/A320/A321 series is the world’s most advanced single-aisle aircraft programme, again offering
a large number of features that are found on much larger aircraft.
During the entire development process, there has been an insistence on securing the maximum
commonality that could be achieved with the other programmes without loss of efficiency. Using selected
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