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max allowed bandwidth on the AFDX network which is either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps.
⎡ ⎤( ) ( )
1000
67
8 Max Bandwidth Mbps
MTC
PL MTU MTU
msg
msg
msg VL VL ≤
∗
Σ +
Formula 4: Bandwidth constraints from a message point of view
The inequation in Formula 4 is actually not quite exact and is merely an estimation of
what the network configuration must adhere to. To be absolutely exact, the inequation
would also have to take the following into consideration:
1. The UDP header (see Table 1) appears only in the first fragment of the message's
fragment sequence.
2. Depending on the message size, the last fragment in the sequence may be
considerably smaller than the MTU.
3. Fragments always carry a multiple of 8 bytes.
However, to also consider these aspects of fragmentation in Formula 4 would make it
impractical to use. Nevertheless, although merely an estimation, the formula is
accurate enough to ensure that a network configuration adhering to it is always a valid
configuration.
Finally, it is also possible to establish a formula for the network configuration based
on the bandwidth allocation of each VL as shown in Formula 5.
( )
1000
67
8 Max Bandwidth Mbps
BAG
MTU
VL
VL
VL ≤
∗
Σ +
Formula 5: Bandwidth constraints from a VL point of view
The inequation in Formula 5 can be derived from Formula 4 using the information of
Formula 1.
AES Draft Detailed Outline
1
AVIATION ENGLISH SERVICES
TEST INFORMATION HANDBOOK
VERSION 1-2006
AES Draft Detailed Outline
2
Executive Summary
BACKGROUND
1.1 Resolution A36-11 – Proficiency in the English language used for radiotelephony
communications directs the Council to support Contracting States in their implementation
of the language proficiency requirements by establishing globally harmonized language
testing criteria.
1.2 While the first version of Doc 9835 - Manual on the Implementation of ICAO Language
Proficiency Requirements published in September 2004 provided some guidance on
testing, users of the manual including licensing authorities, air operators, air navigation
service providers, language training and testing services have indicated that more detailed
guidance on language testing was needed to effectively implement the language
proficiency requirements.
1.3 Language testing is a complex and sophisticated professional activity requiring expert input
at every stage: test development, implementation, administration, and scoring.
AES Draft Detailed Outline
3
SUMMARY REPORT
LANGUAGE TESTING FOR COMPLIANCE
with
ICAO LANGUAGE STANDARDS:
ISSUES AND CONSIDERATIONS
March 2006
PART A: Introduction......................................................................................................... 4
1 Statement of the Issue ................................................................................................. 4
2 Scope of the Report..................................................................................................... 4
3 Background: ICAO Standards in unregulated market ................................................ 4
4 The Context: Test Development Standards ................................................................ 4
Part B: Test Characteristics................................................................................................. 5
5 Test Purpose................................................................................................................ 5
• Diagnostic To identify strengths and weaknesses; assess gaps. ............................. 5
• Placement For placement into a tiered training program........................................ 5
• Progress To measure learning progress .................................................................. 5
• Achievement To measure overall learning ............................................................. 5
• Aptitude To assess ability to learn a new skill or knowledge set ........................... 5
• Proficiency To evaluate overall ability against a set of criteria.............................. 5
6 Test Characteristics..................................................................................................... 5
6.1 Language Focus .................................................................................................. 6
6.2 Delivery............................................................................................................... 6
6.3 Test tasks and Content ........................................................................................ 7
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