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about it, you have only spent about the last 5 seconds of every skydive performing it. All
skydiving skills require time to practice and time to get the feel for a new skill but so far
tracking is the last thing we do. When the formation skydiving part has stopped, don’t stop
thinking.
As if to amplify the problem, we can’t even practice it in a wind tunnel. It is a problem
because tracking is a life saving skill. The last 5 seconds of canopy flight has a similar
problem.We can practice spiral turns and use of all risers for several minutes, but the really
important skill we only get to practice in the last 5 seconds of flight and that is landing
safely.
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Theory to Tracking
Building a relationship with the air will come with time spent in freefall. Understanding it
and the use of air pressure is the key to FS.
Air consists of atoms just as any object consists of atoms. Air is just made up of fewer
atoms than most so we can look at air as a form of mass. Air has weight too, 0.077 pounds
per sq cubic foot, which equates to 25 million tons per square mile. So it should not come
as a surprise to find that when we throw our body at it at terminal velocity then try to
deflect as much air as possible when tracking, it requires a degree of physical effort.
When tracking the angle of attack and the shape of your body are the two factors that
influence the amount of lift we aim to achieve. Lift increases as the angle of attack
increases right up until the stall point. Lift also increases as we adopt an aerofoil shape with
our body. Of course we can’t actually create enough lift to fly as we are too heavy, don’t
have enough surface area and we are not moving fast enough. So if we are going to try, we
should adopt the same aerofoil shape of an aircraft wing designed to fly at slow speed.
High and Low Angles of Attack
The angle of attack is the angle of which the object meets the relative air. Relative air is
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relative to the direction you are travelling in.
The higher than angle of attack, the higher the amount of lift, the lower the angle of attack,
the less lift. Figure 10 is known as a no lift dive more commonly known as vertical dive.
What we are trying to achieve when tracking is more pressure on the under surface of the
body than the upper surface, producing maximum forward movement. It’s worth knowing
that two thirds of lift is created from the decreasing pressure on the upper surface and
one-third from the increase of pressure on the under surface. To obtain maximum lift in
relation to the relative air, the angle of attack we need to adopt is 3½ to 4 degrees.
Fig. 10 – High Angle of Attack
Fig. 11 – Low Angle of Attack
Mastering a good track position requires a good understanding of what you
are trying to achieve and having a well rehearsed routine and checklist.
The routine we use is known as the 7-stage track and should take about 7
seconds to complete. It is not recommended to attempt the 7-stage method
if you intend to start if below a height of 5000ft.
The 7 Stage Track
Slow Fall and Turn, Legs, Arms, Look Left, Look
Right, Flare, Pull
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1. Slow Fall and Turn
Since the idea is to create as much lift and air pressure as possible, start to build up
air pressure by adopting a slower fall rate position as you turn 180 degrees into your
clear air space. Slight de-arch!
2. Legs
When you are facing your clear airspace extend your legs fully for maximum air
deflection, legs straight, point toes.
3. Arms
As you start to move, sweep back your arms to either side of your torso. Palms of
hands down.
4. Look Left
When tracking into clear airspace maintain observation, look for other trackers and
even worse – canopies.
5. Look Right
As above.
6. Flare
When flaring, go back into slow fall position for maximum air deflection and drag.
7. Pull
Provided you tracked off at 5000ft and had no problems during the track, you should now
be at about 3500ft.
Tracking with a change in Heading as an
Avoidable Manoeuvre
Tracking is a survival skill. We have already demonstrated that we have survival skills as
part of our progression through the category system. The aim of the FS1 progression
system is to teach you the skills necessary to perform 4 way formation skydiving and as the
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very nature of FS is to be able to skydive in bigger groups, the need to be able to track off
into clear airspace becomes more apparent. If the skydive all goes to plan and enough time
is allowed between groups on exit and at break off everyone turns 180 degrees away from
the centre of a formation then finding a clear airspace is easy. However things don’t always
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