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enter or cross the active runway in low visibility
conditions (below 1,200 feet Runway Visual Range).
A stop bar consists of a row of red, unidirectional,
steady−burning in-pavement lights installed across
the entire taxiway at the runway holding position, and
elevated steady−burning red lights on each side. A
controlled stop bar is operated in conjunction with the
taxiway centerline lead-on lights which extend from
the stop bar toward the runway. Following the ATC
clearance to proceed, the stop bar is turned off and the
lead-on lights are turned on. The stop bar and lead-on
lights are automatically reset by a sensor or backup
timer.
CAUTION−
Pilots should never cross a red illuminated stop bar, even
if an ATC clearance has been given to proceed onto or
across the runway.
NOTE−
If after crossing a stop bar, the taxiway centerline lead−on
lights inadvertently extinguish, pilots should hold their
position and contact ATC for further instructions.
15. Air Navigation and Obstruction Lighting
15.1Aeronautical Light Beacons
15.1.1An aeronautical light beacon is a visual
NAVAID displaying flashes of white and/or colored
light to indicate the location of an airport, a heliport,
a landmark, a certain point of a Federal airway in
mountainous terrain, or an obstruction. The light used
may be a rotating beacon or one or more flashing
lights. The flashing lights may be supplemented by
steady burning lights of lesser intensity.
15.1.2The color or color combination display by a
particular beacon and/or its auxiliary lights tell
whether the beacon is indicating a landing place,
landmark, point of the Federal airways, or an
obstruction. Coded flashes of the auxiliary lights, if
employed, further identify the beacon site.
15.2Code Beacons and Course Lights
15.2.1Code Beacons.The code beacon, which can
be seen from all directions, is used to identify airports
and landmarks. The code beacon flashes the three− or
four−character airport identifier in International
Morse Code six to eight times per minute. Green
flashes are displayed for land airports while yellow
flashes indicate water airports.
15.2.2Course Lights.The course light, which can
be seen clearly from only one direction, is used only
with rotating beacons of the Federal Airway System;
two course lights, back to back, direct coded flashing
beams of light in either direction along the course of
airway.
NOTE−
Airway beacons are remnants of the lighted" airways
which antedated the present electronically equipped
federal airways system. Only a few of those beacons exist
today to mark airway segments in remote mountain areas.
Flashes in Morse code identify the beacon site.
15.3Obstruction Lights
15.3.1Obstructions are marked/lighted to warn
airmen of their presence during daytime and
nighttime conditions. They may be marked/lighted in
any of the following combinations:
15.3.1.1Aviation Red Obstruction Lights.Flashing
aviation red beacons (20 to 40 flashes per minute)
and steady burning aviation red lights during
nighttime operation. Aviation orange and white paint
is used for daytime marking.
AIP
United States of America
AD 1.1−10
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
15.3.1.2Medium Intensity Flashing White
Obstruction Lights.Medium intensity flashing
white obstruction lights may be used during daytime
and twilight with automatically selected reduced
intensity for nighttime operation. When this system
is used on structures 500 feet (153 m) AGL or less in
height, other methods of marking and lighting the
structure may be omitted. Aviation orange and white
paint is always required for daytime marking on
structures exceeding 500 feet (153 m) AGL. This
system is not normally installed on structures less
than 200 feet (61 m) AGL.
15.3.1.3High Intensity White Obstruction
Lights.Flashing high intensity white lights during
daytime with reduced intensity for twilight and
nighttime operation. When this type system is used,
the marking of structures with red obstruction lights
and aviation orange and white paint may be omitted.
15.3.1.4Dual Lighting.A combination of flashing
aviation red beacons and steady burning aviation red
lights for nighttime operation and flashing high
intensity white lights for daytime operation. Aviation
orange and white paint may be omitted.
15.3.1.5Catenary Lighting.Lighted markers are
available for increased night conspicuity of high−
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