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main gear in the landing configuration and, at the DH,
plan to adjust the descent angle accordingly if the
published TCH indicates the wheel crossing height
over the runway threshold may be satisfactory. Tests
indicate a comfortable wheel crossing height is
approximately 20 to 30 feet, depending on the type of
aircraft.
NOTE−
The TCH for a runway is established based on several
factors including the largest aircraft category that
normally uses the runway, how airport layout effects the
glide slope antenna placement, and terrain. A higher than
optimum TCH, with the same glide path angle, may cause
the aircraft to touch down further from the threshold if the
trajectory of the approach is maintained until the flare.
Pilots should consider the effect of a high TCH on the
runway available for stopping the aircraft.
7.5Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
7.5.1When installed with an ILS and specified in the
approach procedure, DME may be used:
7.5.1.1In lieu of the outer marker.
7.5.1.2As a back course final approach fix.
7.5.1.3To establish other fixes on the localizer
course.
7.5.2In some cases, DME from a separate facility
may be used within Terminal Instrument Procedures
(TERPS) limitations:
7.5.2.1To provide ARC initial approach segments.
7.5.2.2As a final approach fix for back course
approaches.
7.5.2.3As a substitute for the outer marker.
7.6Marker Beacon
7.6.1ILS marker beacons have a rated power output
of 3 watts or less and an antenna array designed to
produce an elliptical pattern with dimensions, at
1,000 feet above the antenna, of approximately
2,400feet in width and 4,200 feet in length. Airborne
marker beacon receivers with a selective sensitivity
feature should always be operated in the low"
sensitivity position for proper reception of ILS
marker beacons.
7.6.2Ordinarily, there are two marker beacons
associated with an ILS, the outer marker (OM) and
the middle marker (MM). Locations with a Category
II or III ILS also have an inner marker (IM). When an
aircraft passes over a marker, the pilot will receive the
following indications:
7.6.3The OM normally indicates a position at which
an aircraft at the appropriate altitude on the localizer
course will intercept the ILS glide path.
7.6.4The MM indicates a position approximately
3,500 feet from the landing threshold. This will also
be the position where an aircraft on the glide path will
be at an altitude of approximately 200 feet above the
elevation of the touchdown zone.
7.6.5The IM indicates a point at which an aircraft is
at a designated decision height (DH) on the glide path
between the middle marker and landing threshold.
7.6.6A back course marker, normally indicates the
ILS back course final approach fix where approach
descent is commenced.
AIP ENR 4.1−7
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
TBL ENR 4.1−1
Marker Passage Indications
Marker Code Light
OM BLUE
MM AMBER
IM WHITE
BC WHITE
8. Compass Locator
8.1Compass locator transmitters are often situated
at the middle and outer marker sites. The transmitters
have a power of less than 25 watts, a range of at least
15 miles, and operate between 190 and 535 kHz. At
some locations, higher−powered radio beacons, up to
400 watts, are used as outer marker compass locators.
These generally carry Transcribed Weather Broadcast
(TWEB) information.
8.2Compass locators transmit two−letter identification
groups. The outer locator transmits the first two
letters of the localizer identification group, and the
middle locator transmits the last two letters of the
localizer identification group.
9. ILS Frequency
9.1The frequency pairs in TBL ENR 4.1−2 are
allocated for ILS.
TBL ENR 4.1−2
Frequency Pairs Allocated for ILS
Localizer MHz Glide Slope
108.10 334.70
108.15 334.55
108.3 334.10
108.35 333.95
108.5 329.90
108.55 329.75
108.7 330.50
108.75 330.35
108.9 329.30
108.95 329.15
109.1 331.40
109.15 331.25
109.3 332.00
109.35 331.85
109.50 332.60
109.55 332.45
109.70 333.20
109.75 333.05
109.90 333.80
109.95 333.65
110.1 334.40
110.15 334.25
110.3 335.00
110.35 334.85
110.5 329.60
110.55 329.45
110.70 330.20
110.75 330.05
110.90 330.80
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