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following are provided as examples of relative
helicopter size:
3.4.2.1Small Helicopter:Bell 206/407, Eurocopter
AS−350/355, BO−105, BK−117.
3.4.2.2Medium Helicopter:Bell UH−1 (Huey) and
derivatives (Bell 212/412), Bell 222/230/430 Sikorsky
S−76, Eurocopter SA−365.
3.4.2.3Large Helicopter:Boeing Chinook, Eurocopter
Puma, Sikorsky H−60 series (Blackhawk),
SK−92.
3.4.3The LZ should be level, firm and free of loose
debris that could possibly blow up into the rotor
system.
3.4.4The LZ should be clear of people, vehicles and
obstructions such as trees, poles and wires.
Remember that wires are difficult to see from the air.
The LZ must also be free of stumps, brush, post and
large rocks. See FIG ENR 6.2−5.
FIG ENR 6.2−5
Landing Zone Hazards
3.4.5Keep spectators back at least 200 feet. Keep
emergency vehicles 100 feet away and have fire
equipment (if available) standing by. Ground
personnel should wear eye protection, if available,
during landing and takeoff operations. To avoid loose
objects being blown around in the LZ, hats should be
removed; if helmets are worn, chin straps must be
securely fastened.
3.4.6Fire fighters (if available) should wet down the
LZ if it is extremely dusty.
3.5Helping the Flightcrew Locate the Scene
3.5.1If the LZ coordinator has access to a GPS unit,
the exact latitude and longitude of the LZ should be
relayed to the HEMS pilot. If unable to contact the
pilot directly, relay the information to the HEMS
ground communications specialist for relaying to the
pilot, so that they may locate your scene more
efficiently. Recognize that the aircraft may approach
from a direction different than the direct path from the
takeoff point to the scene, as the pilot may have to
detour around terrain, obstructions or weather
enroute.
AIP ENR 6.2−13
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
3.5.2Especially in daylight hours, mountainous and
densely populated areas can make sighting a scene
from the air difficult. Often, the LZ coordinator on the
ground will be asked if she or he can see or hear the
helicopter.
3.5.3Flightcrews use a clock reference method for
directing one another’s attention to a certain direction
from the aircraft. The nose of the aircraft is always
12o’clock, the right side is 3 o’clock, etc. When the
LZ coordinator sees the aircraft, he/she should use
this method to assist the flightcrew by indicating the
scene’s clock reference position from the nose of the
aircraft. For example, Accident scene is located at
your 2 o’clock position." See FIG ENR 6.2−6.
FIG ENR 6.2−6
Clock" System for Identifying Positions
Relative to the Nose of the Aircraft
3.5.4When the helicopter approaches the scene, it
will normally orbit at least one time as the flight crew
observes the wind direction and obstacles that could
interfere with the landing. This is often referred to as
the high reconnaissance" maneuver.
3.6Wind Direction and Touchdown Area
3.6.1Determine from which direction the wind is
blowing. Helicopters normally land and takeoff into
the wind.
3.6.2If contact can be established with the pilot,
either directly or indirectly through the HEMS
ground communications specialist, describe the wind
in terms of the direction the wind is from and the
speed.
3.6.3Common natural sources of wind direction
information are smoke, dust, vegetation movement,
water streaks and waves. Flags, pennants, streamers
can also be used. When describing the direction, use
the compass direction from which the wind is
blowing (example: from the North−West).
3.6.4Wind speed can be measured by small
hand−held measurement devices, or an observer’s
estimate can be used to provide velocity information.
The wind value should be reported in knots (nautical
miles per hour). If unable to numerically measure
wind speed, use TBL ENR 6.2−3 to estimate velocity.
Also, report if the wind conditions are gusty, or if the
wind direction or velocity is variable or has changed
recently.
3.6.5If any obstacle(s) exist, insure their description,
position and approximate height are
communicated to the pilot on the initial radio call.
3.7Night LZs
3.7.1There are several ways to light a night LZ:
3.7.1.4Mark the touchdown area with five lights or
road flares, one in each corner and one indicating the
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