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19.1.5The FAA has completed installation of
25WRSs, 2 WMSs, 4 GUSs, and the required
terrestrial communications to support the WAAS
network. Prior to the commissioning of the WAAS for
public use, the FAA has been conducting a series of
test and validation activities. Enhancements to the
initial phase of WAAS will include additional master
and reference stations, communication satellites, and
transmission frequencies as needed.
19.1.6GNSS navigation, including GPS and
WAAS, is referenced to the WGS−84 coordinate
system. It should only be used where the Aeronautical
Information Publications (including electronic data
and aeronautical charts) conform to WGS−84 or
equivalent. Other countries civil aviation authorities
may impose additional limitations on the use of their
SBAS systems.
19.2Instrument Approach Capabilities
19.2.1A new class of approach procedures which
provide vertical guidance, but which do not meet the
ICAO Annex 10 requirements for precision
approaches has been developed to support satellite
navigation use for aviation applications worldwide.
These new procedures called Approach with Vertical
Guidance (APV), are defined in ICAO Annex 6, and
include approaches such as the LNAV/VNAV
procedures presently being flown with barometric
vertical navigation (Baro−VNAV). These approaches
provide vertical guidance, but do not meet the more
stringent standards of a precision approach. Properly
certified WAAS receivers will be able to fly these
LNAV/VNAV procedures using a WAAS electronic
glide path, which eliminates the errors that can be
introduced by using Barometric altimetery.
AIP ENR 4.1−35
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
19.2.2 A new type of APV approach procedure, in
addition to LNAV/VNAV, is being implemented to
take advantage of the high accuracy guidance and
increased integrity provided by WAAS. This WAAS
generated angular guidance allows the use of the
same TERPS approach criteria used for ILS
approaches. The resulting approach procedure
minima, titled LPV (localizer performance with
vertical guidance), may have a decision altitude as
low as 200 feet height above touchdown with
visibility minimums as low as 1/2 mile, when the
terrain and airport infrastructure support the lowest
minima. LPV minima is published on the RNAV
(GPS) approach charts (see paragraph 12, Instrument
Approach Procedure Charts).
19.2.3 A new nonprecision WAAS approach, called
Localizer Performance (LP) is being added in
locations where the terrain or obstructions do not
allow publication of vertically guided LPV
procedures. This new approach takes advantage of
the angular lateral guidance and smaller position
errors provided by WAAS to provide a lateral only
procedure similar to an ILS Localizer. LP procedures
may provide lower minima than a LNAV procedure
due to the narrower obstacle clearance surface.
NOTE−
WAAS receivers certified prior to TSO C−145b and TSO
C−146b, even if they have LPV capability, do not contain
LP capability unless the receiver has been upgraded.
Receivers capable of flying LP procedures must contain a
statement in the Flight Manual Supplement or Approved
Supplemental Flight Manual stating that the receiver has
LP capability, as well as the capability for the other WAAS
and GPS approach procedure types.
19.2.4 WAAS provides a level of service that
supports all phases of flight, including LNAV, LP,
LNAV/VNAV and LPV approaches, within system
coverage. Some locations close to the edge of the
coverage may have a lower availability of vertical
guidance.
19.3 General Requirements
19.3.1 WAAS avionics must be certified in accordance
with Technical Standard Order (TSO)
C−145A, Airborne Navigation Sensors Using the
(GPS) Augmented by the Wide Area Augmentation
System (WAAS); or TSO−146A, Stand−Alone
Airborne Navigation Equipment Using the Global
Positioning System (GPS) Augmented by the Wide
Area Augmentation System (WAAS), and installed in
accordance with Advisory Circular (AC) 20−130A,
Airworthiness Approval of Navigation or Flight
Management Systems Integrating Multiple Navigation
Sensors, or AC 20−138A, Airworthiness
Approval of Global Positioning System (GPS)
Navigation Equipment for Use as a VFR and IFR
Navigation System.
19.3.2 GPS/WAAS operation must be conducted in
accordance with the FAA−approved aircraft flight
manual (AFM) and flight manual supplements. Flight
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