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ensure the aircraft navigation system position is
confirmed, within 1,000 feet, at the start point of
take−off roll. The use of an automatic or manual
runway update is an acceptable means of compliance
with this requirement. Other methods providing an
equivalent level of performance may also be
acceptable.
22.7.1.8 For procedures or routes requiring the use
of GPS, if the navigation system does not
automatically alert the flight crew of a loss of GPS,
the operator must develop procedures to verify
correct GPS operation.
22.7.1.9 RNAV terminal procedures (DP and STAR)
may be amended by ATC issuing radar vectors and/or
clearances direct to a waypoint. Pilots should avoid
premature manual deletion of waypoints from their
active “legs” page to allow for rejoining procedures.
23. NAVAID Identifier Removal During
Maintenance
23.1 During periods of routine or emergency
maintenance, coded identification (or code and voice,
where applicable) is removed from certain FAA
NAVAIDs. Removal of the identification serves as
warning to pilots that the facility is officially off the
air for tune−up or repair and may be unreliable even
though intermittent or constant signals are received.
NOTE−
During periods of maintenance, VHF ranges may radiate
a T−E−S−T code (- -).
NOTE−
DO NOT attempt to fly a procedure that is NOTAMed out
of service even if the identification is present. In certain
cases, the identification may be transmitted for short
periods as part of the testing.
31 JULY 08
ENR 4.1−42 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
24. User Reports on NAVAID Performance
24.1 Users of the National Airspace System can
render valuable assistance in the early correction of
NAVAID malfunctions by reporting their observation
of undesirable performance. Although NAVAIDs are
monitored by electronic detectors adverse effects of
electronic interference, new obstructions or changes
in terrain near the NAVAID can exist without
detection by the ground monitors. Some of the
characteristics of malfunction or deteriorating
performance which should be reported are: erratic
course or bearing indications; intermittent, or full,
flag alarm; garbled, missing or obviously improper
coded identification; poor quality communications
reception; or, in the case of frequency interference, an
audible hum or tone accompanying radio communications
or navaid identification.
24.2 Reporters should identify the NAVAID, location
of the aircraft, time of the observation, type of
aircraft and describe the condition observed; the type
of receivers in use will also be useful information.
Reports can be made in any of the following ways:
24.2.1 Immediately, by radio communication to the
controlling Air Route Traffic Control Center, Control
Tower, or Flight Service Station. This provides the
quickest result.
24.2.2 By telephone to the nearest FAA facility.
24.2.3 By FAA Form 8000−7, Safety Improvement
Report, a postage−paid card designed for this
purpose. These cards may be obtained at FAA Flight
Service Stations, Flight Standards District Offices,
and General Aviation Fixed Base Operations.
24.3 In aircraft that have more than one receiver,
there are many combinations of possible interference
between units. This can cause either erroneous
navigation indications or, complete or partial
blanking out of the communications. Pilots should be
familiar enough with the radio installation of
particular airplanes they fly to recognize this type of
interference.
25. Radio Communications and Navigation
Facilities
25.1 A complete listing of air traffic radio
communications facilities and frequencies and radio
navigation facilities and frequencies are contained in
the Airport/Facility Directory. Similar information
for the Pacific and Alaskan areas is contained in the
Pacific and Alaskan Supplements.
31 JULY 08
AIP ENR 4.2−1
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
ENR 4.2 Special Navigation Systems
1. Doppler Radar
1.1Doppler Radar is a semiautomatic self−contained
dead reckoning navigation system (radar
sensor plus computer) which is not continuously
dependent on information derived from ground based
or external aids. The system employs radar signals to
detect and measure ground speed and drift angle,
using the aircraft compass system as its directional
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