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First Quarter − One−half of the Moon appears to be illuminated by direct sunlight. The
fraction of the Moon’s disk that is illuminated is increasing.
Waxing Gibbous − The Moon appears to be more than one−half but not fully illuminated by
direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon’s disk that is illuminated is increasing.
Full Moon − The Moon’s illuminated side is facing the Earth. The Moon appears to be
completely illuminated by direct sunlight.
Waning Gibbous − The Moon appears to be more than one−half but not fully
illuminated by direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon’s disk that is illuminated is
decreasing.
Last Quarter − One−half of the Moon appears to be illuminated by direct sunlight. The
fraction of the Moon’s disk that is illuminated is decreasing.
Waning Crescent − The Moon appears to be partly but less than one−half illuminated by
direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon’s disk that is illuminated is decreasing.
AIP ENR 6.2−11
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
2.2.4Access to Astronomical Data for Determination
of Moon Rise, Moon Set, and Percentage
of Lunar Disk Illuminated
2.2.4.1Astronomical data for the determination of
Moon rise and set and Moon phase may be obtained
from the United States Naval Observatory using an
interactive query available at:
http://aa.usno.navy.mil/
2.2.4.2Click on Data Services," and then on
Complete Sun and Moon Data for One Day."
2.2.4.3You can obtain the times of sunrise, sunset,
moonrise, moonset, transits of the Sun and Moon, and
the beginning and end of civil twilight, along with
information on the Moon’s phase by specifying the
date and location in one of the two forms on this web
page and clicking on the Get data" button at the end
of the form. Form A" is used for cities or towns in the
U.S. or its territories. Form B" for all other locations.
An example of the data available from this site is
shown in TBL ENR 6.2−2.
2.2.4.4Additionally, a yearly table may be
constructed for a particular location by using the
Table of Sunrise/Sunset, Moonrise/Moonset, or
Twilight Times for an Entire Year" selection.
3. Landing Zone Safety
3.1This information is provided for use by
helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS)
pilots, program managers, medical personnel, law
enforcement, fire, and rescue personnel to further
their understanding of the safety issues concerning
Landing Zones (LZs). It is recommended that HEMS
operators establish working relationships with the
ground responder organizations they may come in
contact with in their flight operations and share this
information in order to establish a common frame of
reference for LZ selection, operations, and safety.
TBL ENR 6.2−2
Sample of Astronomical Data Available
from the Naval Observatory
The following information is provided for
NewOrleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana
(longitude W90.1, latitude N30.0)
Tuesday
29 May 2007
Central Daylight Time
SUN
Begin civil twilight 5:34 a.m.
Sunrise 6:01 a.m.
Sun transit 12:58 p.m.
Sunset 7:55 p.m.
End civil twilight 8:22 p.m.
MOON
Moonrise 5:10 p.m. on preceding day
Moonset 4:07 a.m.
Moonrise 6:06 p.m.
Moon transit 11:26 p.m.
Moonset 4:41 a.m. on following day
Phase of the Moon on 29 May: waxing gibbous with
95% of the Moon’s visible disk illuminated.
Full Moon on 31 May 2007 at 8:04 p.m. Central
Daylight Time.
3.2The information provided is largely based on the
booklet, LZ − Preparing the Landing Zone, issued by
National Emergency Medical Services Pilots Association
(NEMSPA), and the guidance developed by the
University of Tennessee Medical Center’s LIFESTAR
program, and is used with their permission. For
additional information, go to:
http://www.nemspa.org/.
3.3Information concerning the estimation of wind
velocity is based on the Beaufort Scale. See
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/beaufort.h
tml for more information.
ENR 6.2−12 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
3.4Selecting a Scene LZ
3.4.1If the situation requires the use of a helicopter,
first check to see if there is an area large enough to
land a helicopter safely.
FIG ENR 6.2−4
Recommended Minimum Landing Zone Dimensions
3.4.2For the purposes of FIG ENR 6.2−4 the
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