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major migratory flyways exist in the U.S. The
Atlantic Flyway parallels the Atlantic coast, the
Mississippi Flyway stretches from Canada through
the Great Lakes and follows the Mississippi River.
The Central Flyway represents a broad area east of the
Rockies, stretching from Canada through Central
America. The Pacific Flyway follows the west coast
and overflies major parts of Washington, Oregon, and
California. There are also numerous smaller flyways
which cross these major north−south migratory
routes.
2. Reducing Bird Strike Risks
2.1The most serious strikes are those involving
ingestion into an engine (turboprop and turbine jet
engines) or windshield strikes. These strikes can
result in emergency situations requiring prompt
action by the pilot.
2.2Engine ingestions may result in sudden loss of
power or engine failure. Review engine out
procedures, especially when operating from airports
with known bird hazards or when operating near high
bird concentrations.
2.3Windshield strikes have resulted in pilots
experiencing confusion, disorientation, loss of
communications, and aircraft control problems.
Pilots are encouraged to review their emergency
procedures before flying in these areas.
2.4When encountering birds en route, climb to
avoid collision because birds in flocks generally
distribute themselves downward, with lead birds
being at the highest altitude.
2.5Avoid overflight of known areas of bird
concentration and flying low altitudes during bird
migration. Charted wildlife refuges and other natural
areas contain unusually high local concentration of
birds which may create a hazard to aircraft.
3. Reporting Bird Strikes
3.1Pilots are urged to report any bird or other
wildlife strike using FAA Form 5200−7, Bird/Other
Wildlife Strike Report (FIG ENR 5.6−1). Forms are
available at any FSS or any FAA Regional Office.
Wildlife strikes can also be reported electronically at:
http://wildlife−mitigation.tc.faa.gov. The data derived
from these reports are used to develop standards
to cope with this potential hazard to aircraft and for
documentation of necessary habitat control on
airports.
4. Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife
Activities
4.1If you observe birds or other animals on or near
the runway, request airport management to disperse
the wildlife before taking off. Also contact the nearest
FAA ARTCC, FSS, or tower (including non−Federal
towers) regarding large flocks of birds and report the:
4.1.1Geographic location.
4.1.2Bird type (geese, ducks, gulls, etc.).
4.1.3Approximate numbers.
4.1.4Altitude.
4.1.5Direction of bird flight path.
ENR 5.6−2 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
5. Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife
Hazards
5.1Many airports advise pilots of other wildlife
hazards caused by large animals on the runway
through the Airport/Facility Directory and the
NOTAM system. Collisions between landing and
departing aircraft with animals on the runway are
increasing and are not limited to rural airports. These
accidents have also occurred at several major
airports. Pilots should exercise extreme caution when
warned of the presence of wildlife on and in the
vicinity of airports. If in close proximity to movement
areas you observe deer or other large animals, advise
the FSS, tower, or airport management.
6. Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife
Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas
6.1The landing of aircraft is prohibited on lands or
waters administered by the National Park Service,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or U.S. Forest Service
without authorization from the respective agency.
Exceptions include (1) when forced to land due to an
emergency beyond the control of the operator, (2) at
officially designated landing sites, or (3) an approved
official business of the Federal Government.
6.2All pilots are requested to maintain a minimum
altitude of 2,000 feet above the terrain of the
following: National Parks, Monuments, Seashores,
Lakeshores, Recreation Areas and Scenic Riverways
administered by the National Park Service, National
Wildlife Refuges, Big Game Refuges, Game Ranges,
and Wildlife Ranges administered by the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, and Wilderness and Primitive
Areas administered by the U.S. Forest Service.
NOTE−
FAA Advisory Circular 91−36, Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
Flight Near Noise−sensitive Areas, defines the surface of a
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