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voltage (69KV or higher) transmission line catenary
wires. Lighted markers provide conspicuity both day
and night.
15.3.2Medium intensity omnidirectional flashing
white lighting system provides conspicuity both day
and night on catenary support structures. The unique
sequential/simultaneous flashing light system alerts
pilots of the associated catenary wires.
15.3.3High intensity flashing white lights are being
used to identify some supporting structures of
overhead transmission lines located across rivers,
chasms, gorges, etc. These lights flash in a middle,
top, lower light sequence at approximately 60 flashes
per minute. The top light is normally installed near
the top of the supporting structure, while the lower
light indicates the approximate lower portion of the
wire span. The lights are beamed towards the
companion structure and identify the area of the wire
span.
15.3.4High intensity flashing white lights are also
employed to identify tall structures, such as chimneys
and towers, and obstructions to air navigation. The
lights provide a 360 degree coverage about the
structure at 40 flashes per minute and consist of from
one to seven levels of lights depending upon the
height of the structure. Where more than one level is
used, the vertical banks flash simultaneously.
16. Airport Lead−in Lighting System (LDIN)
16.1The lead−in lighting system consists of a series
of flashing lights installed at or near ground level to
describe the desired course to a runway or final
approach. Each group of lights is positioned and
aimed so as to be conveniently sighted and followed
from the approaching aircraft under conditions at or
above approach minimums under consideration. The
system may be curved, straight, or combination
thereof, as required. The lead−in lighting system may
be terminated at any approved approach lighting
system, or it may be terminated at a distance from the
landing threshold which is compatible with authorized
visibility minimums permitting visual reference
to the runway environment.
16.2The outer portion uses groups of lights to mark
segments of the approach path beginning at a point
within easy visual range of a final approach fix. These
groups are spaced close enough together (approximately
one mile) to give continuous lead−in
guidance. A group consists of at least three flashing
lights in a linear or cluster configuration and may be
augmented by steady burning lights where required.
When practicable, groups flash in sequence toward
runways. Each system is designed to suit local
conditions and to provide the visual guidance
intended. The design of all LDIN is compatible with
the requirements of U.S. Standards for Terminal
Instrument Procedures (TERPS) where such procedures
are applied for establishing instrument
minimums.
AIP
United States of America
AD 1.1−11
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
17. Airport Marking Aids and Signs
17.1General
17.1.1Airport pavement markings and signs provide
information that is useful to a pilot during takeoff,
landing, and taxiing.
17.1.2Uniformity in airport markings and signs
from one airport to another enhances safety and
improves efficiency. Pilots are encouraged to work
with the operators of the airports they use to achieve
the marking and sign standards described in this
section.
17.1.3Pilots who encounter ineffective, incorrect, or
confusing markings or signs on an airport should
make the operator of the airport aware of the problem.
These situations may also be reported under the
Aviation Safety Reporting Program as described in
ENR 1.16. Pilots may also report these situations to
the FAA Regional Airports Division.
17.1.4The markings and signs described in this
section reflect the current FAA recommended
standards.
REFERENCE−
AC 150/5340−1, Standards for Airport Markings.
AC 150/5340−18, Standards for Airport Sign Systems.
17.2Airport Pavement Markings
17.2.1General.For the purpose of this presentation
the Airport Pavement Markings have been
grouped into the four areas:
17.2.1.1Runway Markings.
17.2.1.2Taxiway Markings.
17.2.1.3Holding Position Markings.
17.2.1.4Other Markings.
17.2.2Marking Colors.Markings for runways are
white. Markings defining the landing area on a
heliport are also white except for hospital heliports
which use a red H" on a white cross. Markings for
taxiways, areas not intended for use by aircraft
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