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installed by the airport sponsor. The Airport/Facility
Directory contains descriptions of pilot−controlled
lighting systems for each airport having other than
FAA approved systems, and explains the type lights,
method of control, and operating frequency in clear
text.
13. Airport/Heliport Beacons
13.1Airport and heliport beacons have a vertical
light distribution to make them most effective from
one to ten degrees above the horizon; however, they
can be seen well above and below this peak spread.
The beacon may be an omnidirectional capacitor-discharge
device, or it may rotate at a constant speed
which produces the visual effect of flashes at regular
intervals. Flashes may be one or two colors
alternately. The total number of flashes are:
13.1.124 to 30 per minute for beacons marking
airports, landmarks, and points on Federal airways.
13.1.230 to 45 per minute for beacons marking
heliports.
13.2The colors and color combinations of beacons
are:
13.2.1White and Green−Lighted land airport.
13.2.2*Green alone−Lighted land airport.
13.2.3White and Yellow−Lighted water airport.
13.2.4*Yellow alone−Lighted water airport.
13.2.5Green, Yellow, and White−Lighted heliport.
NOTE−
*Green alone or yellow alone is used only in connection
with a white-and-green or white-and-yellow beacon
display, respectively.
13.3Military airport beacons flash alternately white
and green, but are differentiated from civil beacons
by dual−peaked (two quick) white flashes between
the green flashes.
13.4In Class B, C, D, and E surface areas, operation
of the airport beacon during the hours of daylight
indicates that the ground visibility is less than 3 miles
and/or the ceiling is less than 1,000 feet. An ATC
clearance in accordance with 14 CFR Part 91 is
required for landing, takeoff and flight in the traffic
pattern. Pilots should not rely solely on the operation
of the airport beacon to indicate if weather conditions
are IFR or VFR. At locations with control towers,
when controls are in the tower, ATC personnel turn
the beacon on. At many airports, the airport beacon is
turned on by a photoelectric cell or time clocks and
ATC personnel cannot control it. There is no
regulatory requirement for daylight operation, and it
is the pilot’s responsibility to comply with proper
pre−flight planning in accordance with 14 CFR
Section91.103.
14. Taxiway Lights
14.1Taxiway Edge Lights.Taxiway edge lights
are used to outline the edges of taxiways during
periods of darkness or restricted visibility conditions.
These fixtures emit blue light.
NOTE−
At most major airports these lights have variable intensity
settings and may be adjusted at pilot request or when
deemed necessary by the controller.
14.2Taxiway Centerline Lights.Taxiway centerline
lights are used to facilitate ground traffic under
low visibility conditions. They are located along the
taxiway centerline in a straight line on straight
portions, on the centerline of curved portions, and
along designated taxiing paths in portions of
runways, ramps, and apron areas. Taxiway centerline
lights are steady burning and emit green light.
AIP
United States of America
AD 1.1−9
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
14.3Clearance Bar Lights.Clearance bar lights
are installed at holding positions on taxiways in order
to increase the conspicuity of the holding position in
low visibility conditions. They may also be installed
to indicate the location of an intersecting taxiway
during periods of darkness. Clearance bars consist of
three in−pavement, steady−burning yellow lights.
14.4Runway Guard Lights.Runway guard lights
are installed at taxiway/runway intersections. They
are primarily used to enhance the conspicuity of
taxiway/runway intersections during low visibility
conditions, but may be used in all weather conditions.
Runway guard lights consist of either a pair of
elevated flashing yellow lights installed on either side
of the taxiway, or a row of in-pavement yellow lights
installed across the entire taxiway, at the runway
holding position marking.
NOTE−
Some airports may have a row of three or five in−pavement
yellow lights installed at taxiway/runway intersections.
They should not be confused with clearance bar lights
described in paragraph 14.3 above.
14.5Stop Bar Lights.Stop bar lights, when
installed, are used to confirm the ATC clearance to
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