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(closed and hazardous areas), and holding positions
(even if they are on a runway) are yellow.
17.3Runway Markings
17.3.1General.There are three types of markings
for runways: visual, non precision instrument, and
precision instrument. TBL AD 1.1−5 identifies the
marking elements for each type of runway, and
TBL AD 1.1−6 identifies runway threshold markings.
17.3.2Runway Designators.Runway numbers
and letters are determined from the approach
direction. The runway number is the whole number
nearest one−tenth the magnetic azimuth of the
centerline of the runway, measured clockwise from
the magnetic north. The letters differentiate between
left (L), right (R), or center (C), parallel runways, as
applicable:
17.3.2.1For two parallel runways L" R."
17.3.2.2For three parallel runways L" C" R."
17.3.3Runway Centerline Marking.The runway
centerline identifies the center of the runway and
provides alignment guidance during takeoff and
landing. The centerline consists of a line of uniformly
spaced stripes and gaps.
17.3.4Runway Aiming Point Marking.The
aiming point marking serves as a visual aiming point
for a landing aircraft. These two rectangular
markings consist of a broad white stripe located on
each side of the runway centerline and approximately
1,000 feet from the landing threshold.
(See FIG AD 1.1−10.)
17.3.5Runway Touchdown Zone Markers.The
touchdown zone markings identify the touchdown
zone for landing operations and are coded to provide
distance information in 500 feet (150 m) increments.
These markings consist of groups of one, two, and
three rectangular bars symmetrically arranged in
pairs about the runway centerline as shown in
FIG AD 1.1−10, Precision Instrument Runway
Markings. For runways having touchdown zone
markings on both ends, those pairs of markings which
extend to within 900 feet (270 m) of the midpoint
between the thresholds are eliminated.
AIP
United States of America
AD 1.1−12
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
TBL AD 1.1−5
Runway Marking Elements
Marking Element Visual Runway
Nonprecision
Instrument
Runway
Precision
Instrument
Runway
Designation X X X
Centerline X X X
Threshold X1 X X
Aiming Point X2 X X
Touchdown Zone X
Side Stripes X
1On runways used, or intended to be used, by international commercial transports.
2On runways 4,000 feet (1200 m) or longer used by jet aircraft.
TBL AD 1.1−6
Number of Runway Threshold Stripes
Runway Width Number of Stripes
60 feet (18 m) 4
75 feet (23 m) 6
100 feet (30 m) 8
150 feet (45 m) 12
200 feet (60 m) 16
17.3.6Runway Side Stripe Marking.Runway
side stripes delineate the edges of the runway. They
provide a visual contrast between the runway and the
abutting terrain or shoulders. Side stripes consist of
continuous white stripes located on each side of the
runway. (See FIG AD 1.1−14.)
17.3.7Runway Shoulder Markings.Runway
shoulder stripes may be used to supplement runway
side stripes to identify pavement areas contiguous to
the runway sides that are not intended for use by
aircraft. Runway shoulder stripes are yellow.
(See FIG AD 1.1−12.)
17.3.8Runway Threshold Markings.Runway
threshold markings come in two configurations. They
consist of either eight longitudinal stripes of uniform
dimensions disposed symmetrically about the
runway centerline, as shown in FIG AD 1.1−10, or
the number of stripes is related to the runway width
as indicated in TBL AD 1.1−6. A threshold marking
helps identify the beginning of the runway that is
available for landing. In some instances the landing
threshold may be relocated or displaced.
17.3.8.1Relocation of a Threshold.Sometimes
construction, maintenance, or other activities require
the threshold to be relocated towards the rollout end
of the runway. (See FIG AD 1.1−13.) When a
threshold is relocated, it closes not only a set portion
of the approach end of a runway, but also shortens the
length of the opposite direction runway. In these
cases, a NOTAM should be issued by the airport
operator identifying the portion of the runway that is
closed; e.g., 10/28 W 900 CLSD. Because the
duration of the relocation can vary from a few hours
to several months, methods identifying the new
threshold may vary. One common practice is to use a
ten−foot wide white threshold bar across the width of
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