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numerous power lines, antenna towers, etc., that are
not marked and lighted as obstructions and therefore
may not be seen in time to avoid a collision. Notices
to Airmen (NOTAMs) are issued on those lighted
structures experiencing temporary light outages.
However, some time may pass before the FAA is
notified of these outages, and the NOTAM issued,
thus pilot vigilance is imperative.
3.2 Antenna Towers
3.2.1 Extreme caution should be exercised when
flying less that 2,000 feet above ground level (AGL)
because of numerous skeletal structures, such as
radio and television antenna towers, that exceed
1,000 feet AGL with some extending higher than
2,000 feet AGL. Most skeletal structures are
supported by guy wires which are very difficult to see
in good weather and can be invisible at dusk or during
periods of reduced visibility. These wires can extend
ENR 5.7−2 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
about 1,500 feet horizontally from a structure;
therefore, all skeletal structures should be avoided
horizontally by at least 2,000 feet. Additionally, new
towers may not be on your current chart because the
information was not received prior to the printing of
the chart.
3.3 Overhead Wires
3.3.1 Overhead transmission and utility lines often
span approaches to runways, natural flyways such as
lakes, rivers, gorges, and canyons, and cross other
landmarks pilots frequently follow such as highways,
railroad tracks, etc. As with antenna towers, these
high voltage/power lines or the supporting structures
of these lines may not always be readily visible and
the wires may be virtually impossible to see under
certain conditions. In some locations, the supporting
structures of overhead transmission lines are
equipped with unique sequence flashing white strobe
light systems to indicate that there are wires between
the structures. However, many power lines do not
require notice to the FAA and, therefore, are not
marked and/or lighted. Many of those that do require
notice do not exceed 200 feet AGL or meet the
Obstruction Standard of 14 CFR Part 77 and,
therefore, are not marked and/or lighted. All pilots are
cautioned to remain extremely vigilant for these
power lines or their supporting structures when
following natural flyways or during the approach and
landing phase. This is particularly important for
seaplane and/or float equipped aircraft when landing
on, or departing from, unfamiliar lakes or rivers.
3.4 Other Objects/Structures
3.4.1 There are other objects or structures that could
adversely affect your flight such as construction
cranes near an airport, newly constructed buildings,
new towers, etc. Many of these structures do not meet
charting requirements or may not yet be charted
because of the charting cycle. Some structures do not
require obstruction marking and/or lighting and some
may not be marked and lighted even though the FAA
recommended it.
4. Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned
Balloons
4.1 The majority of unmanned free balloons
currently being operated have, extended below them,
either a suspension device to which the payload or
instrument package is attached, or a trailing wire
antenna, or both. In many instances these balloon
subsystems may be invisible to the pilot until his/her
aircraft is close to the balloon, thereby creating a
potentially dangerous situation. Therefore, good
judgment on the part of the pilot dictates that aircraft
should remain well clear of all unmanned free
balloons and flight below then should be avoided at
all times.
4.2 Pilots are urged to report any unmanned free
balloons sighted to the nearest FAA ground facility
with which communication is established. Such
information will assist FAA ATC facilities to identify
and flight follow unmanned free balloons operating
in the airspace.
5. Unmanned Aircraft
5.1 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), formerly
referred to as “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles” (UAVs)
or “drones,” are having an increasing operational
presence in the NAS. Once the exclusive domain of
the military, UAS are now being operated by various
entities. Although these aircraft are “unmanned,”
UAS are flown by a remotely located pilot and crew.
Physical and performance characteristics of unmanned
aircraft (UA) vary greatly and unlike model
aircraft that typically operate lower than 400 feet
AGL, UA may be found operating at virtually any
altitude and any speed. Sizes of UA can be as small
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