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spaced 6 inches (15 cm) apart (edge to edge). These
lines are 15 feet (4.5 m) in length with 25−foot (7.5 m)
gaps. (See FIG AD 1.1−18.)
AIP
United States of America
AD 1.1−14
15 MAR 07
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
18.4Taxi Shoulder Markings.Taxiways, holding
bays, and aprons are sometimes provided with paved
shoulders to prevent blast and water erosion.
Although shoulders may have the appearance of full
strength pavement, they are not intended for use by
aircraft and may be unable to support an aircraft.
Usually the taxiway edge marking will define this
area. Where conditions exist such as islands or
taxiway curves that may cause confusion as to which
side of the edge stripe is for use by aircraft, taxiway
shoulder markings may be used to indicate the
pavement is unusable. Taxiway shoulder markings
are yellow. (See FIG AD 1.1−19.)
18.5Surface Painted Taxiway Direction Signs.
Surface painted taxiway direction signs have a yellow
background with a black inscription. These signs are
provided when it is not possible to provide taxiway
direction signs at intersections or when it is necessary
to supplement such signs. These markings are located
adjacent to the centerline with signs indicating turns
to the left being on the left side of the taxiway
centerline and signs indicating turns to the right being
on the right side of the centerline.
(See FIG AD 1.1−20.)
18.6Surface Painted Location Signs.Surface
painted location signs have a black background with
a yellow inscription. When necessary, these markings
are used to supplement location signs located along
side the taxiway and assist the pilot in confirming the
designation of the taxiway on which the aircraft is
located. These markings are located on the right side
of the centerline. (See FIG AD 1.1−20.)
18.7Geographic Position Markings.These markings
are located at points along low visibility taxi
routes designated in the airport’s Surface Movement
Guidance Control System (SMGCS) plan. They are
used to identify the location of taxiing aircraft during
low visibility operations. Low visibility operations
are those that occur when the runway visible range
(RVR) is below 1,200 feet (360 m). They are
positioned to the left of the taxiway centerline in the
direction of taxiing. (See FIG AD 1.1−21.) The
geographic position marking is a circle comprised of
an outer black ring contiguous to a white ring with a
pink circle in the middle. When installed on asphalt
or other dark−colored pavements, the white ring and
the black ring are reversed; i.e., the white ring
becomes the outer ring and the black ring becomes the
inner ring. It is designated with either a number or a
number and letter. The number corresponds to the
consecutive position of the marking on the route.
19. Holding Position Markings
19.1Runway Holding Position Markings.For
runways, these markings indicate where an aircraft is
supposed to stop when approaching a runway. They
consist of four yellow lines, two solid and two dashed,
spaced six or twelve inches apart, and extending
across the width of the taxiway or runway. The solid
lines are always on the side where the aircraft is to
hold. There are three locations where runway holding
position markings are encountered.
19.1.1Runway Holding Position Markings on
Taxiways.These markings identify the locations on
a taxiway where an aircraft is supposed to stop when
it does not have clearance to proceed onto the runway.
Generally, runway holding position markings also
identify the boundary of the runway safety area for
aircraft exiting the runway. The runway holding
position markings are shown in FIG AD 1.1−22 and
FIG AD 1.1−25. When instructed by ATC to, Hold
short of (runway xx")," the pilot must stop so that no
part of the aircraft extends beyond the runway
holding position marking. When approaching the
runway, a pilot should not cross the runway holding
position marking without ATC clearance at a
controlled airport, or without making sure of
adequate separation from other aircraft at uncontrolled
airports. An aircraft exiting a runway is not
clear of the runway until all parts of the aircraft have
crossed the applicable holding position marking.
REFERENCE−
ENR 1.1, Exiting the Runway After Landing, paragraph 23.
19.1.2Runway Holding Position Markings on
Runways.These markings are installed on runways
only if the runway is normally used by air traffic
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