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Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
required when the RAIM capability of the GPS
equipment is lost.
18.4.1.3Procedures must be established for use in
the event that the loss of RAIM capability is predicted
to occur. In situations where this is encountered, the
flight must rely on other approved equipment, delay
departure, or cancel the flight.
18.4.1.4The GPS operation must be conducted in
accordance with the FAA−approved aircraft flight
manual (AFM) or flight manual supplement. Flight
crew members must be thoroughly familiar with the
particular GPS equipment installed in the aircraft, the
receiver operation manual, and the AFM or flight
manual supplement. Unlike ILS and VOR, the basic
operation, receiver presentation to the pilot, and some
capabilities of the equipment can vary greatly. Due to
these differences, operation of different brands, or
even models of the same brand, of GPS receiver
under IFR should not be attempted without thorough
study of the operation of that particular receiver and
installation. Most receivers have a built−in simulator
mode which will allow the pilot to become familiar
with operation prior to attempting operation in the
aircraft. Using the equipment in flight under VFR
conditions prior to attempting IFR operation will
allow further familiarization.
18.4.1.5Aircraft navigating by IFR approved GPS
are considered to be RNAV aircraft and have special
equipment suffixes. File the appropriate equipment
suffix in accordance with TBL ENR 4.1−4, on the
ATC flight plan. If GPS avionics become inoperative,
the pilot should advise ATC and amend the
equipment suffix.
18.4.1.6Prior to any GPS IFR operation, the pilot
must review appropriate NOTAMs and aeronautical
information. (See GPS NOTAMs/Aeronautical
Information.)
18.4.1.7Air carrier and commercial operators must
meet the appropriate provisions of their approved
operations specifications.
18.5Use of GPS for IFR Oceanic, Domestic
EnRoute, and Terminal Area Operations
18.5.1GPS IFR operations in oceanic areas can be
conducted as soon as the proper avionics systems are
installed, provided all general requirements are met.
A GPS installation with TSO−C−129 authorization in
class A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, or C2 may be used to
replace one of the other approved means of
long−range navigation, such as dual INS. (See
TBL ENR 4.1−4 and TBL ENR 4.1−5.) A single
GPS installation with these classes of equipment
which provide RAIM for integrity monitoring may
also be used on short oceanic routes which have only
required one means of long−range navigation.
18.5.2GPS domestic en route and terminal IFR
operations can be conducted as soon as proper
avionics systems are installed, provided all general
requirements are met. The avionics necessary to
receive all of the ground−based facilities appropriate
for the route to the destination airport and any
required alternate airport must be installed and
operational. Ground−based facilities necessary for
these routes must also be operational.
18.5.2.1GPS en route IFR RNAV operations may be
conducted in Alaska outside the operational service
volume of ground−based navigation aids when a
TSO−C145a or TSO−C146a GPS/WAAS system is
installed and operating. Ground−based navigation
equipment is not required to be installed and
operating for en route IFR RNAV operations when
using GPS WAAS navigation systems. All operators
should ensure that an alternate means of navigation is
available in the unlikely event the GPS WAAS
navigation system becomes inoperative.
AIP ENR 4.1−27
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
TBL ENR 4.1−4
GPS IFR Equipment Classes/Categories
TSO−C129
Equipment
Class
RAIM
Int. Nav Sys.
to Prov.
RAIM Equiv.
Oceanic En Route Terminal
Nonprecision
Approach
Capable
Class A − GPS sensor and navigation capability.
A1 yes yes yes yes yes
A2 yes yes yes yes no
Class B − GPS sensor data to an integrated navigation system (i.e. FMS, multi−sensor navigation system, etc.).
B1 yes yes yes yes yes
B2 yes yes yes yes no
B3 yes yes yes yes yes
B4 yes yes yes yes no
Class C − GPS sensor data to an integrated navigation system (as in Class B) which provides enhanced guidance to an
autopilot, or flight director, to reduce flight tech. errors. Limited to 14 CFR Part 121 or equivalent criteria.
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