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Tower.................................................................................Z
Turn Left......................................................................... TL
Turn Right.......................................................................TR
Until.................................................................................... /
Until Advised (By)......................................................... UA
Until Further Advised..................................................UFA
VFR Conditions On Top...............................................OTP
Via.................................................................................VIA
Victor (Airway Number)............................................... V14
Visual Approach............................................................ VA
VOR...............................................................................
VOR Approach...............................................................VR
VORTAC.......................................................................
While in Control Area...................................................
B-1
Introduction
Flight instructors may use this guide in the development of
lesson plans. The lessons are arranged in a logical learning
sequence and use the building-block technique. Each lesson
includes ground training appropriate to the flight portion of
the lesson. It is vitally important that the flight instructor brief
the student on the objective of the lesson and how it will be
accomplished. Debriefing the student’s performance is also
necessary to motivate further progress. To ensure steady
progress, student pilots should master the objective of each
lesson before advancing to the next lesson. Lessons should
be arranged to take advantage of each student’s knowledge
and skills.
Flight instructors must monitor progress closely during
training to guide student pilots in how to properly divide
their attention. The importance of this division of attention
or “cross-check” cannot be overemphasized. Cross-check and
proper instrument interpretation are essential components
of “attitude instrument flying” that enables student pilots to
accurately visualize the aircraft’s attitude at all times.
When possible, each lesson should incorporate radio
communications, basic navigation, and emergency procedures
so the student pilot is exposed to the entire IFR experience
with each flight. Cross-reference the Instrument Training
Lesson Guide with this handbook and the Instrument
Practical Test Standards for a comprehensive instrument
rating training program.
Lesson 1—Ground and flight evaluation
of student’s knowledge and performance
Aircraft systems
Aircraft performance
Preflight planning
Use of checklists
Basic flight maneuvers
Radio communications procedures
Navigation systems
Appendix B
Instrument Training Lesson Guide
Lesson 2—Preflight preparation and
flight by reference to instruments
Ground Training
Instrument system preflight procedures
Attitude instrument flying
Fundamental instrument skills
Instrument cross-check techniques
Flight Training
Aircraft and instrument preflight inspection
Use of checklists
Fundamental instrument skills
Basic flight maneuvers
Instrument approach (demonstrated)
Postflight procedures
Lesson 3—Flight instruments and human
factors
Ground Training
Human factors
Flight instruments and systems
Aircraft systems
Navigation instruments and systems
Flight Training
Aircraft and instrument preflight inspection
Radio communications
Checklist procedures
Attitude instrument flying
Fundamental instrument skills
Basic flight maneuvers
Spatial disorientation demonstration
Navigation systems
Postflight procedures
Lesson 4—Attitude instrument flying
Ground Training
Human factors
Flight instruments and systems
B-2
Aircraft systems
Navigation instruments and systems
Attitude instrument flying
Fundamental instrument skills
Basic flight maneuvers
Flight Training
Aircraft and instrument preflight inspection
Checklist procedures
Radio communications
Attitude instrument flying
Fundamental instrument skills
Basic flight maneuvers
Spatial disorientation
Navigation
Postflight procedures
Lesson 5—Aerodynamic factors and
basic flight maneuvers
Ground Training
Basic aerodynamic factors
Basic instrument flight patterns
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(98)
