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a VFR-on-top clearance. Along direct routes, reports are
required of all IFR flights over each point used to define
the route of flight. Reports at reporting points (shown as an
open triangle) are made only when requested by ATC. A
pilot should discontinue position reporting over designated
reporting points when informed by ATC that the aircraft
is in “RADAR CONTACT.” Position reporting should be
resumed when ATC advises “RADAR CONTACT LOST”
or “RADAR SERVICE TERMINATED.”
Position reports should include the following items:
1. Identification
2. Position
3. Time
4. Altitude or flight level (include actual altitude or flight
level when operating on a clearance specifying VFRon-
top)
5. Type of flight plan (not required in IFR position reports
made directly to ARTCCs or approach control)
6. ETA and name of next reporting point
7. The name only of the next succeeding reporting point
along the route of flight
8. Pertinent remarks
En route position reports are submitted normally to
the ARTCC controllers via direct controller-to-pilot
communications channels, using the appropriate ARTCC
frequencies listed on the en route chart.
Whenever an initial contact with a controller is to be followed
by a position report, the name of the reporting point should
be included in the call-up. This alerts the controller that such
information is forthcoming. For example:
“Atlanta Center, Cessna 1230 Alpha at JAILS
intersection.”
“Cessna 1230 Alpha Atlanta Center.”
“Atlanta Center, Cessna 1230 Alpha at JAILS
intersection, 5,000, estimating Monroeville at
1730.”
Additional Reports
In addition to required position reports, the following reports
should be made to ATC without a specific request.
Departures From Airports Without an Operating
Control Tower
When departing from airports that have neither an operating
tower nor an FSS, a pilot should telephone the flight plan to the
nearest ATC facility at least 30 minutes before the estimated
departure time. If weather conditions permit, depart VFR and
request IFR clearance as soon as radio contact is established
with ATC.
If weather conditions make it undesirable to fly VFR, telephone
clearance request. In this case, the controller would probably
issue a short-range clearance pending establishment of radio
contact, and might restrict the departure time to a certain period.
For example:
“Clearance void if not off by 0900.”
This would authorize departure within the allotted period and
permit a pilot to proceed in accordance with the clearance. In
the absence of any specific departure instructions, a pilot would
be expected to proceed on course via the most direct route.
En Route Procedures
Procedures en route will vary according to the proposed route,
the traffic environment, and the ATC facilities controlling
the flight. Some IFR flights are under radar surveillance and
controlled from departure to arrival, and others rely entirely
on pilot navigation.
Where ATC has no jurisdiction, it does not issue an IFR
clearance. It has no control over the flight, nor does the pilot
have any assurance of separation from other traffic.
ATC Reports
All pilots are required to report unforecast weather conditions
or other information related to safety of flight to ATC. The
pilot-in-command of each aircraft operated in controlled
airspace under IFR shall report as soon as practical to ATC any
malfunctions of navigational, approach, or communication
equipment occurring in flight:
1. Loss of VOR, tactical air navigation (TACAN) or
automatic direction finder (ADF) receiver capability.
2. Complete or partial loss of instrument landing system
(ILS) receiver capability.
3. Impairment of air-to-ground communications
capability.
The pilot-in-command shall include within the report
(1) Aircraft identification, (2) Equipment affected, (3) Degree
to which the pilot to operate under IFR within the ATC
system is impaired, and (4) Nature and extent of assistance
desired from ATC.
10-8
Planning the Descent and Approach
ATC arrival procedures and flight deck workload are affected
by weather conditions, traffic density, aircraft equipment,
and radar availability.
When landing at an airport with approach control services
and where two or more IAPs are published, information on
the type of approach to expect will be provided in advance of
arrival or vectors will be provided to a visual approach. This
information will be broadcast either on automated terminal
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(70)
