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from one VOR or VORTAC navigation aid or intersection,
to another navigation aid (or through several navigation aids
or intersections); used to establish a known route for en route
procedures between terminal areas.
Visual approach slope indicator (VASI). A visual aid of
lights arranged to provide descent guidance information
during the approach to the runway. A pilot on the correct
glide slope will see red lights over white lights.
Visual descent point (VDP). A defined point on the final
approach course of a nonprecision straight-in approach
procedure from which normal descent from the MDA to the
runway touchdown point may be commenced, provided the
runway environment is clearly visible to the pilot.
Visual flight rules (VFR). Flight rules adopted by the
FAA governing aircraft flight using visual references. VFR
operations specify the amount of ceiling and the visibility the
pilot must have in order to operate according to these rules.
When the weather conditions are such that the pilot can not
operate according to VFR, he or she must use instrument
flight rules (IFR).
Visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Meteorological
conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from
cloud, and ceiling meeting or exceeding the minimums
specified for VFR.
VMC. See visual meteorological conditions.
VOR. See very-high frequency omnidirectional range.
VORTAC. A facility consisting of two components, VOR
and TACAN, which provides three individual services: VOR
azimuth, TACAN azimuth, and TACAN distance (DME) at
one site.
VOR test facility (VOT). A ground facility which emits a
test signal to check VOR receiver accuracy. Some VOTs are
available to the user while airborne, while others are limited
to ground use only.
VOT. See VOR test facility.
VSI. See vertical speed indicator.
WAAS. See wide area augmentation system.
Warning area. An area containing hazards to any aircraft
not participating in the activities being conducted in the
area. Warning areas may contain intensive military training,
gunnery exercises, or special weapons testing.
Waypoint. A designated geographical location used for route
definition or progress-reporting purposes and is defined in
terms of latitude/longitude coordinates.
WCA. See wind correction angle.
Weather and radar processor (WARP). A device that
provides real-time, accurate, predictive and strategic weather
information presented in an integrated manner in the National
Airspace System (NAS).
Weight. The force exerted by an aircraft from the pull of
gravity.
Wide area augmentation system (WAAS). A differential
global positioning system (DGPS) that improves the accuracy
of the system by determining position error from the GPS
satellites, then transmitting the error, or corrective factors,
to the airborne GPS receiver.
Wind correction angle (WCA). The angle between the
desired track and the heading of the aircraft necessary to
keep the aircraft tracking over the desired track.
Work. A measurement of force used to produce movement.
Zone of confusion. Volume of space above the station where
a lack of adequate navigation signal directly above the VOR
station causes the needle to deviate.
I-1
A
above ground level..............................3-31, 7-44, 8-2, 9-10
absolute accuracy..........................................................7-25
acceleration in cruise flight...........................................2-10
acute fatigue............................................... 1-11, 1-12, 1-13
additional reports..........................................................10-7
adjust.............................................................................4-20
advanced technologies..................................................7-26
advanced technology systems.......................................3-28
adverse yaw......................................................... 2-11, 2-12
aeronautical decision-making (ADM).1-1, 1-12, 1-15, 1-17
aeronautical information manual (AIM)............... 9-4, 10-2
agonic line.....................................................................3-12
air data computer (ADC)..............................................3-22
air route surveillance radar (ARSR)..................... 7-49, 9-7
air route traffic control center (ARTC).7-50, 9-4, 9-7, 10-2
air traffic control (ATC)............................... 1-15, 9-1, 11-1
inflight weather avoidance assistance.......................9-11
radar weather displays...............................................9-11
air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS).......7-49
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(116)
