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temporarily prohibited by regulation under the provisions of
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 99
and prohibitions will be disseminated via NOTAM.
Federal Airways
The primary means for routing aircraft operating under IFR
is the federal airways system.
Each federal airway is based on a centerline that extends from
one NAVAID/waypoint/fix/intersection to another NAVAID/
waypoint/fix/intersection specified for that airway. A federal
airway includes the airspace within parallel boundary lines
four NM to each side of the centerline. As in all instrument
flight, courses are magnetic, and distances are in NM. The
airspace of a federal airway has a floor of 1,200 feet AGL,
unless otherwise specified. A federal airway does not include
the airspace of a prohibited area.
Victor airways include the airspace extending from 1,200 feet
AGL up to, but not including 18,000 feet MSL. The airways
are designated on Sectional and IFR low altitude en route
charts with the letter “V” followed by a number (e.g., “V23”).
Typically, Victor airways are given odd numbers when oriented
north/south and even numbers when oriented east/west. If more
than one airway coincides on a route segment, the numbers are
listed serially (e.g., “V287-495-500”). [Figure 8-2]
8-5
Figure 8-2. Victor Airways and Charted IFR Altitudes.
Jet routes exist only in Class A airspace, from 18,000 feet
MSL to FL 450, and are depicted on high-altitude en route
charts. The letter “J” precedes a number to label the airway
(e.g., J12).
RNAV routes have been established in both the low-altitude
and the high-altitude structures in recent years and are
depicted on the en route low and high chart series. High
altitude RNAV routes are identified with a “Q” prefix (except
the Q-routes in the Gulf of Mexico) and low altitude RNAV
routes are identified with a “T” prefix. RNAV routes and data
are depicted in aeronautical blue.
In addition to the published routes, a random RNAV route may
be flown under IFR if it is approved by ATC. Random RNAV
routes are direct routes, based on area navigation capability,
between waypoints defined in terms of latitude/longitude
coordinates, degree-distance fixes, or offsets from established
routes/airways at a specified distance and direction.
Radar monitoring by ATC is required on all random
RNAV routes. These routes can only be approved in a radar
environment. Factors that will be considered by ATC in
approving random RNAV routes include the capability to
provide radar monitoring, and compatibility with traffic
volume and flow. ATC will radar monitor each flight;
however, navigation on the random RNAV route is the
responsibility of the pilot.
Other Routing
Preferred IFR routes have been established between
major terminals to guide pilots in planning their routes of
flight, minimizing route changes and aiding in the orderly
management of air traffic on federal airways. Low and high
8-6
altitude preferred routes are listed in the Airport/Facility
Directory (A/FD). To use a preferred route, reference the
departure and arrival airports; if a routing exists for your
flight, then airway instructions will be listed.
Tower En Route Control (TEC) is an ATC program that
uses overlapping approach control radar services to provide
IFR clearances. By using TEC, a pilot is routed by airport
control towers. Some advantages include abbreviated filing
procedures and reduced traffic separation requirements. TEC
is dependent upon the ATC’s workload, and the procedure
varies among locales.
The latest version of Advisory Circular (AC) 90-91, North
American Route Program (NRP), provides guidance to users
of the NAS for participation in the NRP. All flights operating
at or above FL 290 within the conterminous United States
and Canada are eligible to participate in the NRP, the primary
purpose of which is to allow operators to plan minimum time/
cost routes that may be off the prescribed route structure. NRP
aircraft are not subject to route-limiting restrictions (e.g.,
published preferred IFR routes) beyond a 200 NM radius of
their point of departure or destination.
IFR En Route Charts
The objective of IFR en route flight is to navigate within the
lateral limits of a designated airway at an altitude consistent
with the ATC clearance. Your ability to fly instruments
safely and competently in the system is greatly enhanced by
understanding the vast array of data available to the pilot on
instrument charts. The NACG maintains and produces the
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