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terminal, and approach operations.
Preflight
The success of the flight depends largely upon the
thoroughness of the preflight planning. The evening before
the flight, pay close attention to the weather forecast and
begin planning the flight.
The Weather Channel indicates a large, low-pressure system
has settled in over the Midwest, pulling moisture up from
the Gulf of Mexico and causing low ceilings and visibility
with little chance for improvement over the next couple of
days. To begin planning, gather all the necessary charts and
materials, and verify everything is current. This includes en
route charts, approach charts, DPs, STAR charts, the GPS
database, as well as an A/FD, some navigation logs, and the
aircraft’s POH/AFM. The charts cover both the departure
and arrival airports and any contingency airports that will
be needed if the flight cannot be completed as planned. This
is also a good time for the pilot to consider recent flight
experience, pilot proficiency, fitness, and personal weather
minimums to fly this particular flight.
Check the A/FD to become familiar with the departure and
arrival airport, and check for any preferred routing between
BHM and GPT. Next, review the approach charts and any
DP or STAR that pertains to the flight. Finally, review the en
route charts for potential routing, paying close attention to the
minimum en route and obstacle clearance altitudes.
After this review, select the best option. For this flight, the
Birmingham Three Departure [Figure 10-2] to Brookwood
VORTAC, V 209 to Kewanee VORTAC, direct to Gulfport
using GPS would be a logical route. An altitude of 4,000 feet
meets all the regulatory requirements and falls well within
the performance capabilities of the aircraft.
Next, call 1-800-WX-BRIEF to obtain an outlook-type
weather briefing for the proposed flight. This provides
forecast conditions for departure and arrival airports, as well
as the en route portion of the flight including forecast winds
aloft. This also is a good opportunity to check the available
NOTAMs.
The weather briefer confirms the predictions of the weather
channel giving forecast conditions that are at or near
minimum landing minimums at both BHM and GPT for
the proposed departure time. The briefer provides NOTAM
information for GPT indicating that the localizer to runway
32 is scheduled to be out of service and that runway 18/36 is
closed until further notice. Also check for temporary flight
restrictions (TFRs) along the proposed route.
After receiving a weather briefing, continue flight planning
and begin to transfer some preliminary information onto
the navigation log, listing each fix along the route and the
distances, frequencies, and altitudes. Consolidating this
information onto an organized navigation log will keep the
workload to a minimum during the flight.
Next, obtain a standard weather briefing online for the
proposed route. A check of current conditions indicates
low IFR conditions at both the departure airport and the
destination, with visibility of one-quarter mile:
SURFACE WEATHER OBSERVATIONS
METAR KBHM 111155Z VRB04KT ¼ SM FG –RA VV004
06/05 A2994 RMK A02 SLP140
METAR KGPT 111156Z 24003KT ¼ SM FG OVC001 08/07
A2962 RMK A02 SLP033
The small temperature/dewpoint spread is causing the low
visibility and ceilings. Conditions should improve later in
the day as temperatures increase. A check of the terminal
forecast confirms this theory:
TERMINAL FORECASTS
TAF KBHM 111156Z 111212 VRB04KT ¼ SM FG VV004
TEMPO1316 ¾ SM OVC004
FM1600 VRB05KT 2SM BR OVC007 TEMPO 1720 3SM
DZ BKN009
10-28
Figure 10-18. Route Planning.
10-29
FM2000 22008KT 3SM –RA OVC015 TEMP 2205 3SM
–RA OVC025 FM0500 23013KT P6SM OVC025
FM0800 23013KT P6SM BKN030 PROB40 1012 2SM BR
OVC030
TAF KGPT 111153Z 111212 24004KT ¼ SM FG OVC001
BECMG 1317 3SM BR 0VC004
FM1700 24010KT 4SM –RA OVC006 FM0400 24010 5SM
SCT080 TEMPO 0612 P6SM SKC
In addition to the terminal forecast, the area forecast also
indicates gradual improvement along the route. Since the
terminal forecast only provides information for a 5-mile
radius around a terminal area, checking the area forecast
provides a better understanding of the overall weather picture
along the route, as well as potential hazards:
SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLOUDS/WEATHER FORECASTS
SYNOPSIS… AREA OF LOW PRESSURE CNTD OV AL
RMNG GENLY STNRY BRNGNG MSTR AND WD SPRD
IFR TO E TN. ALF…LOW PRES TROF ACRS CNTR PTN
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(84)
