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a) Course reversal is not required; and
b) Reported ceiling and visibility are equal to or
greater than the highest prescribed circling
minimums for the IAP.
5. When cleared for the approach, pilots should not
execute a procedure turn.
Approaches to Parallel Runways
Procedures permit ILS instrument approach operations to dual
or triple parallel runway configurations. A parallel approach
is an ATC procedure that permits parallel ILS approach to
airports with parallel runways separated by at least 2,500
feet between centerlines. Wherever parallel approaches
are in progress, pilots are informed that approaches to both
runways are in use.
Simultaneous approaches are permitted to runways:
1. With centerlines separated by 4,300 to 9,000 feet;
2. That are equipped with final monitor controllers;
3. That require radar monitoring to ensure separation
between aircraft on the adjacent parallel approach
course.
The approach procedure chart will include the note
“simultaneous approaches authorized RWYS 14L and 14R,”
identifying the appropriate runways. When advised that
simultaneous parallel approaches are in progress, pilots must
advise approach control immediately of malfunctioning or
inoperative components.
Parallel approach operations demand heightened pilot
situational awareness. The close proximity of adjacent
aircraft conducting simultaneous parallel approaches
mandates strict compliance with all ATC clearances and
approach procedures. Pilots should pay particular attention
to the following approach chart information: name and
number of the approach, localizer frequency, inbound course,
glide slope intercept altitude, DA/DH, missed approach
instructions, special notes/procedures, and the assigned
runway location and proximity to adjacent runways. Pilots
also need to exercise strict radio discipline, which includes
continuous monitoring of communications and the avoidance
of lengthy, unnecessary radio transmissions.
Side-Step Maneuver
ATC may authorize a side-step maneuver to either one of
two parallel runways that are separated by 1,200 feet or less,
followed by a straight-in landing on the adjacent runway.
Aircraft executing a side-step maneuver will be cleared
for a specified nonprecision approach and landing on the
adjacent parallel runway. For example, “Cleared ILS runway
7 left approach, side-step to runway 7 right.” The pilot is
expected to commence the side-step maneuver as soon as
possible after the runway or runway environment is in sight.
Landing minimums to the adjacent runway will be based on
nonprecision criteria and therefore higher than the precision
minimums to the primary runway, but will normally be lower
than the published circling minimums.
Circling Approaches
Landing minimums listed on the approach chart under
“CIRCLING” apply when it is necessary to circle the airport,
maneuver for landing, or when no straight-in minimums are
specified on the approach chart. [Figure 10-11]
The circling minimums published on the instrument approach
chart provide a minimum of 300 feet of obstacle clearance in
the circling area. [Figure 10-12] During a circling approach,
the pilot should maintain visual contact with the runway of
intended landing and fly no lower than the circling minimums
until positioned to make a final descent for a landing. It is
important to remember that circling minimums are only
minimums. If the ceiling allows it, fly at an altitude that
more nearly approximates VFR traffic pattern altitude. This
will make any maneuvering safer and bring the view of the
landing runway into a more normal perspective.
Figure 10-13 shows patterns that can be used for circling
approaches. Pattern “A” can be flown when the final approach
10-21
Figure 10-12. Circling Approach Area Radii.
Figure 10-13. Circling Approaches.
course intersects the runway centerline at less than a 90°
angle, and the runway is in sight early enough to establish a
base leg. If the runway becomes visible too late to fly pattern
“A,” circle as shown in “B.” Fly pattern “C” if it is desirable
to land opposite the direction of the final approach, and the
runway is sighted in time for a turn to downwind leg. If the
runway is sighted too late for a turn to downwind, fly pattern
“D.” Regardless of the pattern flown, the pilot must maneuver
the aircraft to remain within the designated circling area.
Refer to section A (“Terms and Landing Minima Data”) in
the front of each TPP for a description of circling approach
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